---
title: "起世經 · 3 轉輪聖王品"
description: "起世经是隋代高僧阇那崛多等人翻译的重要佛教经典，属于阿含部经典之一。该经主要阐述宇宙生成、世界构造及众生轮回的佛教世界观，详细描绘了世界的形成、毁灭及再生过程，并探讨了众生业力与轮回的关系。阇那崛多是北印度高僧，隋文帝时期来华，参与译经事业，对汉传佛教经典的传播贡献卓著。起世经在佛教中具有重要地位，为研究佛教宇宙观和轮回思想提供了经典依据，对后世佛教哲学和修行实践影响深远。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmadf8tq2001cl804j4go8pvg"
---

## 起世經卷第二

> Chapter 2 of the Genesis of the World

隋天竺三藏闍那崛多等譯

> Translated by Zhi Na Jueduo and others of the Sui Dynasty.

### 欝單越洲品第二之餘

> Yuldan Yue Continent Chapter 2, Continued

「諸比丘！欝單越人，髮紺青色，長齊八指，人皆一類，一形一色，無別形色可知其異。諸比丘！欝單越人，悉有衣服，無有裸形及半露者，親疎平等無所適莫，齒皆齊密，不缺不疎，美妙淨潔，色白如珂，鮮明可愛。諸比丘！欝單越人，若有飢渴須飲食時，便自收取，不耕不種，自然粳米，清淨鮮白，無有糠糩，取已盛置敦持果中，復取火珠，置敦持下，眾生福力，火珠應時，忽然出焰，飲食熟已，焰還自滅。彼人得飯欲食之時，施設器物，就座而坐。爾時，若有四方人來，欲共同食，即為諸人具設飯食，飯終不盡，乃至食人，坐食未竟，所設之飯器常盈滿。彼人食此無有糠糩自然粳米成熟飯時，清淨香美，眾味備具，不須羹臛，其飯形色，猶若諸天蘇陀之味，又如華叢潔白鮮明。彼人食已，身分充盈無減無缺，湛然不改無老無變，是食乃至資益彼人，色力安辯無不具足。

> "Monks, the people of Uttarakuru have hair of a deep blue-black color, eight finger-breadths long. They are all of one type, one form, one color, with no differences in appearance by which you could tell them apart. Monks, the people of Uttarakuru all wear clothing; there are no naked or partially exposed people. They treat relatives and strangers alike, without partiality. Their teeth are all evenly spaced, neither missing nor sparse, beautiful and clean, white as conch shells, bright and lovely. Monks, when the people of Uttarakuru feel hunger or thirst and need food or drink, they simply gather it themselves. Without plowing or planting, naturally-grown rice appears—pure, fresh, and white, without any husk or chaff. They take it and place it in a vessel called a \*Dun Chi\*, then take a fire-crystal and place it under the vessel. Due to the beings' good fortune, the fire-crystal produces flames on its own, and after the food is cooked, the flames extinguish themselves. When these people are about to eat, they set out their utensils and sit down. If people from other directions arrive wanting to share the meal, they provide food for all of them. The food never runs out, and even while those eating are still seated, the serving vessels remain constantly full. When they eat this naturally-grown rice without husk or chaff, it is fully cooked, clean, fragrant, and delicious, with all fine flavors complete. No sauces or broths are needed. The appearance of this rice is like the food of the gods (\*Suta\*), bright and pure like a cluster of white flowers. After eating, their bodies are fully nourished, neither deficient nor excessive, remaining stable without aging or change. This food fully provides them with beauty, strength, peace, and eloquence."

「諸比丘！欝單越人，若於女人生染著時，隨心所愛，迴目觀視，彼女知情即來隨逐，其人將行至於樹下，所將之女，若是此人母姨姉妹親戚類者，樹枝如本不為下垂，其葉應時萎黃枯落，不相覆苫，不出華果，亦不為出牀敷臥具。若非母姨姉妹等者，樹即低枝垂條覆蔭，柯葉欝茂，華果鮮榮，亦為彼人出百千種牀敷臥具，便共相將入於樹下，隨意所為歡娛受樂。

> "Monks, when the people of Uttarakuru develop attachment toward a woman, they simply look at the one their heart desires. The woman, understanding his feelings, follows him. As they walk together toward a tree, if the woman is his mother, aunt, sister, or other blood relative, the tree's branches do not lower, its leaves immediately wither and fall, offering no shade, no flowers or fruit, and no bedding appears. But if she is not a relative, the tree's branches lower and spread their canopy, its leaves are lush and green, flowers and fruit bloom fresh and bright. It provides them with hundreds and thousands of kinds of bedding. They then enter beneath the tree and enjoy themselves as they please in pleasure and delight."

「諸比丘！欝單越人，住於母胎，唯經七日，至第八日即便產生。其母產訖，隨所生子若男若女，皆將置於四衢道中，捨之而去。於彼道上東西南北行人往來，見此男女心生憐念，為養育故，各以手指內其口中，於彼指端，自然流出上妙甘乳，飲彼男女，令得全活。如是飲乳，經於七日，彼諸男女還自成就一色類身，與彼舊人形量無異，男還逐男，女還逐女，各依伴侶相隨而去。

> "Monks, when a person is born in Uttarakuru, they remain in their mother's womb for only seven days and are born on the eighth. After giving birth, the mother places the child—whether boy or girl—at a crossroads and leaves. Passersby from all directions, seeing the child, feel compassion for it. To nurture it, each person puts their finger into the child's mouth, and from the tip of their finger, pure, sweet milk naturally flows, which the child drinks and thus survives. After drinking milk for seven days, the child fully matures into a body of the same form and size as those already there. Boys follow other boys, and girls follow other girls, each joining their own group and going off together."

「諸比丘！欝單越人壽命一定，無有中夭，命若終時，皆得上生。何因緣故，欝單越人得此定壽，命終已後皆復上生？諸比丘！世或有人，專事殺生、偷盜、邪婬、妄言、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪瞋、邪見，以是因緣身壞命終，墜墮惡道，生地獄中。或復有人，不曾殺生、不盜他物，不行邪婬、不妄言、不兩舌、不惡口、不綺語、不貪、不瞋、亦不邪見，以是因緣，身壞命終，趣向善道，生人天中。何因緣故，向下生者？以其殺生、邪見等故。何因緣故，向上生者？以不殺生、正見等故。或復有人作如是念：『我於今者應行十善，以是因緣，我身壞時，當得往生欝單越中。彼處生已，住壽千年不增不減。』彼人既作如是願已，行十善業，身壞得生欝單越中，既於彼處復得定壽，滿足千年不增不減。諸比丘！以此因緣，欝單越人得定壽命。

> Monks, the people of Uttarakuru have a fixed lifespan; none of them die prematurely. When their life ends, they are all reborn in a higher realm. What is the reason for this? Monks, in this world, some people engage in killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, idle chatter, greed, hatred, and wrong views. Due to these actions, when their bodies break down and their lives end, they fall into the lower realms and are reborn in hell. Other people do not kill, do not steal, do not engage in sexual misconduct, do not lie, do not use divisive speech, do not speak harshly, do not engage in idle chatter, are not greedy, are not hateful, and do not hold wrong views. Due to these actions, when their bodies break down and their lives end, they go to the higher realms and are reborn among humans or in heaven. Why are some reborn in the lower realms? Because of killing, wrong views, and so on. Why are others reborn in the higher realms? Because of refraining from killing, holding right views, and so on. Furthermore, some people think: "I should now practice the ten wholesome actions. Through this, when my body breaks down, may I be reborn in Uttarakuru. Once reborn there, I will live for a thousand years, with no shortening or lengthening of life." Having made such a wish and practiced the ten wholesome actions, when their body breaks down, they are reborn in Uttarakuru. There they receive a fixed lifespan, a full thousand years, with no shortening or lengthening. Monks, this is the reason why the people of Uttarakuru have a fixed lifespan.

「諸比丘！何因緣故皆得上生？諸比丘！閻浮洲人以於他邊受十善業，是故命終即得往生欝單越界。欝單越人以其舊有具十善業，欝單越中如法行故，身壞命終皆當上生諸天善處。諸比丘！以此因緣，欝單越人上生勝處。諸比丘！欝單越人命行終盡捨壽之時，無有一人憂戀悲哭，唯共輿置四衢道中，捨之而去。

> Monks, why is it that \[the people of Uttarakuru\] are all reborn in higher realms? Monks, because the people of Jambudvipa receive and practice the ten wholesome actions through others, they are reborn in the Uttarakuru realm upon death. The people of Uttarakuru, having already possessed the ten wholesome actions and living in accordance with the Dharma within Uttarakuru, will, at the end of their lives, all ascend and be reborn in the heavenly realms, in good destinations. Monks, this is the reason why the people of Uttarakuru are reborn in a superior state. Monks, when the lifespan of a person in Uttarakuru ends and they pass away, no one grieves or laments. They simply place the body at a crossroads and leave it there.

「諸比丘！欝單越人中有如是法，若有眾生，壽命盡時，即有一鳥，名憂承伽摩隋言高逝，從大山中疾飛而至，銜死人髮，將其尸骸，擲置餘方洲渚之上。何以故？欝單越人業行清淨，樂淨潔故。樂意喜故，不令風吹臭穢之氣來至其所。諸比丘！欝單越人大小便利將下之時，為彼人故地即開裂，便利畢已地合如故。何以故？欝單越人樂淨潔故，樂意喜故。

> "Monks, among the people of Uttarakuru there is this custom: When a person's life comes to an end, a bird called Ucchankama\* flies swiftly from the great mountains. It lifts the dead person by their hair and carries their body away to deposit it on an island or sandbank elsewhere. Why is this? Because the people of Uttarakuru have pure conduct and take delight in cleanliness and purity. They do not want even the wind to carry any foul odor to their dwelling place. Monks, when the people of Uttarakuru need to relieve themselves, the earth opens up beneath them for that purpose. Once they are done, the earth closes again exactly as before. Why is this? Because the people of Uttarakuru take delight in cleanliness and purity." \*Ucchankama: meaning "High-flying" or "Soaring Away"

「復次，彼處有何因緣而得說名欝單越洲？諸比丘！彼欝單越洲，於四天下中比餘三洲，最上最妙最高最勝，故說彼洲為欝單越也欝單越，正音欝怛羅究溜，隋言高上作，謂高上於餘方也。

> "Furthermore, how does the Uttarakuru continent get its name? Monks! Among the four continents of the world, the Uttarakuru continent is the highest, most excellent, most sublime, and most superior compared to the other three continents. Therefore, it is called the Uttarakuru continent."

### 起世經轉輪聖王品第三

> Chapter 3: The Wheel-Turning Saintly King

「諸比丘！閻浮洲內，轉輪聖王出現世時，此閻浮洲，自然具有七種瑞寶，轉輪王身復有四種神通德力。何者七寶？一金輪寶、二白象寶、三紺馬寶、四神珠寶、五玉女寶、六主藏寶、七兵將寶，是為七寶。諸比丘！云何名為轉輪聖王輪寶具足？諸比丘！轉輪聖王出閻浮洲，以水灌頂作剎利主，於十五日月盛圓滿受齋之晨，洗沐清淨，不擣白㲲以為衣服，解髮垂下，飾以摩尼及諸瓔珞，在樓閣上，親屬群臣前後圍遶。是時，王前有金輪寶忽然來應，輪徑七肘，千輻轂輞眾相滿足，自然成就非工匠造。爾時，灌頂剎利轉輪聖王，即作是念：『我昔曾聞有如是說：「若灌頂剎利王，於十五日月盛圓滿受齋之晨，洗沐清淨，身著不擣白㲲之衣服諸瓔珞，在樓閣上，親屬群臣前後圍遶，是時王前忽然而有天金輪寶，千輻轂輞眾相滿足，自然來應非工匠成，輪徑七肘，內外金色，得是瑞時，彼則成就轉輪王德。」我今得此，亦應定是轉輪聖王。』

> “Monks, when a Wheel-Turning Monarch appears in the world, in the continent of Jambudvīpa, seven treasures naturally arise, and the monarch himself possesses four kinds of miraculous powers. What are the seven treasures? The first is the treasure of the golden wheel, the second the treasure of the white elephant, the third the treasure of the dark-blue horse, the fourth the treasure of the wish-fulfilling jewel, the fifth the treasure of the perfect queen, the sixth the treasure of the treasury minister, and the seventh the treasure of the commanding general. These are the seven treasures. Monks, what does it mean that the Wheel-Turning Monarch is endowed with the wheel treasure? Monks, when the Wheel-Turning Monarch arises in Jambudvīpa, having been anointed as the sovereign kṣatriya ruler, on the full-moon day of the fifteenth, the morning of the observance of the precepts, he bathes and purifies himself, dresses in robes of unwoven white fabric, lets his hair hang loose, and adorns himself with jewels and garlands. He stands on his tower, surrounded by his family and ministers in front and behind. Then, before the king, a golden wheel treasure suddenly appears, seven cubits in diameter, complete with a thousand spokes, a hub, and a rim—perfect in every way, naturally formed, not crafted by any artisan. At that moment, the anointed kṣatriya Wheel-Turning Monarch thinks: ‘I have heard it said: "If an anointed kṣatriya king, on the full-moon day of the fifteenth, the morning of the observance of the precepts, bathes and purifies himself, wears robes of unwoven white fabric and garlands, stands on his tower surrounded by his family and ministers, and before him a divine golden wheel treasure suddenly appears—with a thousand spokes, a hub, and a rim, perfect in every way, naturally formed, not by any artisan, seven cubits in diameter, golden inside and out—when this auspicious sign appears, he indeed achieves the status of a Wheel-Turning Monarch." Now I have received this sign, so I must certainly be a Wheel-Turning Monarch.’”

「爾時，灌頂剎利轉輪聖王，意欲試彼天輪寶故，勅令嚴備四種力兵，所謂象兵、馬兵、車兵、步兵。四種力兵既嚴備已，王即往詣天金輪所，偏露右髆在金輪前，右膝著地，申其右手捫摸輪寶，作如是言：『汝天輪寶，我身定是轉輪王者，未降伏處為我降伏。』彼天輪寶應聲即轉，為欲降伏未伏者故。諸比丘！是時，灌頂剎利王既見輪寶如是轉已，即命嚴駕行向東方，於是輪寶及四種兵一時皆從。諸比丘！於輪寶前，復有四大天身引導而行，彼天輪寶所到諸方住止之處，轉輪聖王及四種兵，悉於彼處停住止宿。

> At that time, the anointed Kshatriya Universal Monarch, wishing to test the divine Wheel Treasure, ordered his forces—the elephant troops, cavalry, charioteers, and infantry—to prepare. Once the four-fold army was ready, the king went to the golden wheel, bared his right shoulder before it, knelt on his right knee, and touched the wheel with his right hand, saying: "Divine Wheel Treasure, if I am truly destined to be a Universal Monarch, then let the lands not yet subdued be subdued for me." Immediately, the celestial wheel began to turn, moving to conquer those yet to be subdued. Monks, as the anointed Kshatriya king saw the wheel turning, he commanded his army to march eastward, and the wheel along with the four divisions of the army followed in unison. Monks, before the wheel, four great heavenly beings led the way. Wherever the Wheel Treasure stopped, there the Universal Monarch and his four armies halted and encamped for the night.

「爾時，東方一切國土所有諸王，各取金器盛滿銀粟，又取銀器盛滿金粟，既辦具已，皆共持詣轉輪王前，啟言：『天王善來！善來！今此奉獻是天王物，東方人民豐樂安隱無所怖畏，民戶殷多甚可愛樂。惟願大天、垂哀納受，憐愍臣等細小諸王，臣等今日承奉天王，一心無二。』爾時，輪王告諸王曰：『汝等誠心能如是者，汝當各各於自境界，如法治化攝養群生，莫令國內有不如法。所以者何？汝等，若有令我國內非法惡事顯現流行，我當治汝罪無所捨。今教汝等，自斷殺生，教人不殺，不與勿取，邪婬妄語，乃至邪見，皆不應為。汝等，若能斷於殺生，教人不殺，不與勿取，不行邪婬，實語正見者，我即信知，汝等諸王合國降伏。』

「爾時，東方諸國王等，聞轉輪王如是誡勅，一時皆受十善業行。受已遵承，各於國土如法治化。轉輪聖王自在力故，所向之處輪寶隨行，如是聖王天金輪寶，降伏東方一切國已，盡東海岸，周遍遊行，然後迴旋，次第巡歷南方西方乃至北方，依於古昔轉輪聖王所行之道引導而去。轉輪聖王及四種兵次第行時，其前復有四大天身，先輪寶行，若此輪寶所住之處，隨其方面，轉輪聖王及四種兵，即皆停宿。

> At that time, the kings of the eastern countries, upon hearing this instruction and exhortation from the Wheel-Turning King, all immediately accepted and practiced the ten virtuous deeds. Having received these teachings, they followed them accordingly, each governing his own land with proper laws and order. Because of the Wheel-Turning King's own sovereign power, wherever he went, the Treasure Wheel accompanied him. In this way, the divine golden wheel of the holy king subdued all the eastern countries. After reaching the eastern ocean coast and traveling throughout the region, the wheel then turned and proceeded in order to the south and then to the west, continuing all the way to the north. It followed the ancient path once traveled by the Wheel-Turning Kings of the past, guiding the way forward. As the Wheel-Turning King and his fourfold army moved forward step by step, four great heavenly beings would appear ahead of the Treasure Wheel, preceding it. Wherever the Treasure Wheel came to rest, there — in that direction — the Wheel-Turning King and his fourfold army would also stop and make camp for the night.

「爾時，北方一切國土所有諸王，亦各齎持天真金器盛滿銀粟，天真銀器盛滿金粟，俱共來詣轉輪王所。到已長跪作如是言：『善哉天來！善哉天來！我等北方蒙天王力，人民熾盛豐樂安隱，無諸怖畏甚可愛樂，願天留此施行治化，臣等隨順無敢二心。』時，轉輪王勅諸王言：『若能爾者，汝等各於自境治化，一依教命，莫令國界有不如法。所以者何？若令我境有非法人及諸惡行，我當治汝。又復汝等，莫自殺生，教人莫殺，不與勿取，邪婬妄語，乃至邪見，汝等皆斷。若離殺生，乃至自他修行正見，能如是者，我當信知，汝等國土已善降伏。』爾時，諸王同聲共啟轉輪王言：『如天誡勅，臣等奉行。』爾時，北方諸國王等，聞轉輪王如是誡勅，各各遵受十善業行。受已奉持皆令如法，各於國土依律治化。轉輪聖王自在力故，所行之處輪寶隨逐，此金輪寶，如是次第，降伏北方，盡北方海際所有諸國，既周遍已還來本處。爾時，輪寶乃於閻浮提中，選擇最上威德形勝極妙之地，當於其上，東西經度闊七由旬，南北規畫十二由旬，如是規度為界分已，爾時諸天即於其夜從空來下，為轉輪王造立宮殿，應時成就。既成就已，妙色端嚴四寶莊挍，所謂天金天銀頗梨琉璃。此金輪寶為聖王故，當宮內門，於上空中嶷然停住，如輪在軸不搖不動。轉輪聖王當於是時，生大歡喜踊躍無量，作如是念：『我今已得金輪寶耶！』諸比丘！轉輪聖王有如是等天金輪寶，自然具足。

> At that time, all the kings of the northern lands each brought a natural gold vessel filled with silver grains, and a natural silver vessel filled with gold grains. Together, they came before the Wheel-Turning King. Arriving, they knelt and said: "Gracious heaven-sent king! Gracious heaven-sent king! We of the north, by the power of your majesty, enjoy a thriving population, abundant happiness, and peaceful security, free from all fear and full of delight. We beseech you to stay here and govern us. Your subjects will obey you with unwavering loyalty." Then the Wheel-Turning King commanded the kings: "If that is your wish, each of you shall govern your own realm in accordance with my teachings. Do not let your lands become unlawful. Why is that? If anyone within my domain commits wrongdoing or evil deeds, I will hold you accountable. Moreover, do not kill, and teach others not to kill. Do not take what is not given, do not engage in sexual misconduct, do not lie, and up to giving up wrong views—you must all abandon these. If you refrain from killing, and practice right views yourself and teach others, then I will know that your kingdoms have been well subdued." At that time, all the kings together said to the Wheel-Turning King: "As the king commands, we will obey." Then all the northern kings, having heard the Wheel-Turning King's decree, each received and upheld the ten wholesome actions. Having received them, they maintained them and governed their lands according to the law. By the power of the Wheel-Turning Sage King, wherever he traveled, the jewel wheel followed. This golden wheel, in this manner, subdued all the northern lands, extending to the northern ocean's borders. After completing the circuit, it returned to its place. Then the jewel wheel selected the finest, most virtuous, and most splendid location in Jambudvipa. There, it measured east to west a width of seven yojanas, and north to south a length of twelve yojanas. Having thus measured the boundary, that night the gods descended from the sky and built a palace for the Wheel-Turning King, which was completed instantly. Once built, it was exquisite in color and form, adorned with four treasures: celestial gold, celestial silver, crystal, and beryl. For the Sage King's sake, this golden wheel remained steadily suspended in the air above the inner palace gate, as unmoving as a wheel on its axle. At that moment, the Wheel-Turning Sage King felt immense joy and boundless rapture, thinking: "I have now obtained the golden wheel jewel!" Monks, this is how the Wheel-Turning Sage King naturally possesses such a celestial golden wheel jewel.

「諸比丘！轉輪聖王復有何等白色象寶，應當具足？諸比丘！是轉輪王，於日初分坐正殿時，即當王前出生象寶，名烏逋沙他隋言潔齊，形體勝妙，其色純白，如拘物頭華，七枝拄地，有大神力，騰空而行，頭色紅赤，如因陀羅瞿波迦虫，具有六牙，並皆纖利，一一牙上，具足莊嚴，雜色廁鈿，猶如金粟。轉輪聖王見象寶已，作如是念：『白象雖現，未知調時，堪受諸事，成賢乘不？』爾時，象寶一日之間即善調伏，一切事中悉堪駕馭，猶如餘象無量千歲極調伏已，端嚴賢善，適意隨順。如是如是，此白象寶，於一日中暫受調伏堪任眾事，亦復如是。時，轉輪王為試象故，於其晨朝日初出時，乘此象寶，周迴巡歷，遍諸海岸盡大地際。既周遍已，是轉輪王還至本宮，乃進小食。以是因緣，彼王爾時內心自慶，歡喜踊躍：『為我故，生如此象寶。』諸比丘！轉輪聖王，有如是等白色象寶，自然具足。

> “Monks, what is the white elephant treasure that a Wheel-Turning King must possess? Monks, when the Wheel-Turning King sits in his main hall during the early part of the day, a treasure elephant appears before him, named Uposatha<note>Meaning 'pure and aligned' in the Sui dynasty translation</note>. Its form is exceptionally fine, its color pure white, like a white lotus flower. It stands firmly on seven limbs, possesses great spiritual power, and can travel through the air. Its head is reddish, like the color of an Indra-gopaka insect. It has six tusks, all sharp and slender, each adorned with intricate decorations of mixed colors, resembling golden grains. When the Wheel-Turning King sees this elephant treasure, he reflects: 'Although the white elephant has appeared, I do not yet know if it is tame and capable of performing tasks, worthy of being a noble mount.' Then, within a single day, the elephant treasure becomes perfectly trained and suitable for all duties, just as other elephants that have been thoroughly trained for countless years are dignified, virtuous, responsive, and obedient. In the same way, this white elephant treasure, after being briefly trained in one day, becomes capable of handling various tasks. To test the elephant, the Wheel-Turning King mounts it at dawn and rides it around, traversing the entire coastline to the ends of the earth. After completing this circuit, the king returns to his palace and has a light meal. At that moment, the king rejoices inwardly and is filled with delight, thinking, 'For my sake, such an elephant treasure has appeared.' Monks, such is the white elephant treasure that a Wheel-Turning King naturally possesses.

「諸比丘！何等名為轉輪聖王馬寶具足？諸比丘！是轉輪王日初分時，坐正殿上，即於王前，出紺馬寶，名婆羅訶隋言長毛，色青體潤，毛尾悅澤，頭黑騣披，有神通力，騰空而行。時，轉輪王見馬寶已，作如是念：『此馬雖現，未知調時堪受諸事，可得為我作善乘不？』是時，馬寶一日之中即善調伏堪受諸事，猶如餘馬無量千歲極調熟已，賢善閑習。如是如是，調此馬時，一日之內堪任受行一切諸事，亦復如是。時，轉輪王欲試馬故，於其晨朝日初出時，乘此馬寶，周歷大地，還至本宮，轉輪聖王乃始進食。以是因緣生大歡喜，踊躍無量：『我今已得紺馬之寶！』諸比丘！轉輪聖王有如是等馬寶具足。

> “Monks, what is meant by a Wheel-Turning King being endowed with the treasure of the horse? Monks, when the Wheel-Turning King sits on his main throne in the early part of the day, a blue horse treasure named Bóluóhē (meaning ‘long-haired’ in Sui language) appears before the king. Its body is blue and smooth, its mane and tail lustrous, its head black with a flowing mane. It possesses supernatural power and can travel through the air. When the Wheel-Turning King sees this horse treasure, he thinks: ‘Though this horse has appeared, I do not yet know if it is trained and can be entrusted with various tasks, or if it can serve as my fine mount.’ Then, in a single day, the horse treasure is thoroughly trained and capable of handling all tasks, just like other horses that have been fully trained over countless years — gentle, skillful, and well-practiced. In exactly the same way, when this horse is trained, within one day it becomes able to undertake and perform all tasks. Then, to test the horse, the Wheel-Turning King rides this horse treasure at dawn on the morning after its training, traverses the entire earth, and returns to his palace before the king’s first meal. Because of this, he experiences great joy and rapturous delight, exclaiming: ‘I have now obtained the blue horse treasure!’ Monks, the Wheel-Turning King is thus endowed with the treasure of the horse.”

「諸比丘！何等名為轉輪聖王珠寶具足？諸比丘！轉輪聖王有摩尼寶，毘琉璃色，具足八楞，非工匠造，端嚴特妙，自然流出清淨光明。時，轉輪王見珠寶已，作如是念：『此摩尼寶眾相滿足，我今應當懸置宮內令現光明。』時，轉輪王為欲試此摩尼寶故，嚴備四兵，所謂象兵、馬兵、車兵、步兵，具四兵已，即於夜半，天降微雨，重雲黑闇，電光出時，轉輪聖王取此珠寶，懸置幢上，出遊苑中。何以故？意欲遊觀驗珠德故。諸比丘！此摩尼寶在高幢上，普照四方，及四種兵悉皆明了，光明周遍如日照世。爾時，彼地所有一切婆羅門居士等，皆謂天明日光已出，並即驚起，作諸事業。以是因緣，轉輪聖王，受大歡喜，踊躍無量，念言：『此寶為我出生！』諸比丘！轉輪聖王，有如是等珠寶具足。

> “Monastics, what is meant by a Wheel-Turning King being endowed with the jewel treasure? Monastics, a Wheel-Turning King possesses a wish-fulfilling jewel, of a blue beryl color, perfectly eight-faceted, not made by any craftsman, exquisitely beautiful and naturally radiating pure, clear light. Upon seeing this jewel, the king thinks: ‘This wish-fulfilling gem is complete with all marks; I should now raise it up in the palace to illuminate it.’ To test this jewel, the Wheel-Turning King then prepares his fourfold army—elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry. Fully arrayed, he waits until midnight, when a fine rain falls, thick clouds darken the sky, and lightning flashes. At that moment, he takes the jewel, hoists it atop a banner, and sets out to his garden. Why? Because he wishes to tour and verify the gem’s power. Monastics, when this wish-fulfilling jewel is raised on the high banner, it brightly illuminates all four directions and the entire fourfold army, its radiance spreading everywhere like the sunlight illuminating the world. At that time, all the Brahmins and householders there think, ‘It is dawn! The sunlight has appeared!’ They rise in surprise and go about their daily tasks. For this reason, the Wheel-Turning King feels immense joy, leaps with boundless delight, and thinks, ‘This gem has appeared for me!’ Monastics, thus does the Wheel-Turning King possess such a jewel treasure.”

「諸比丘！何等名為轉輪聖王女寶具足？諸比丘！轉輪王世出生女寶，不麁不細，不長不短，不白不黑，最勝最妙，進止姝妍，色貌具足，令人見之樂觀無厭。又此女寶，熱時身涼，寒時身煖，於其體上出妙香氣，猶若栴檀，口中恒出優鉢羅香。為輪王故，晚臥早起，勤謹恭敬，凡有所作無失王心，此女意中尚無惡念，況其身口而有過失。以是因緣，轉輪聖王受大歡喜，踊躍無量，心自念言：『此已為我生女寶耶！』諸比丘！轉輪聖王有如是等女寶具足。

> "Monks, what is meant by a wheel-turning monarch possessing the jewel of a queen? Monks, when a wheel-turning monarch appears in the world, a jewel of a queen is born. She is neither too rough nor too delicate, neither too tall nor too short, neither too pale nor too dark. She is supremely excellent, graceful in movement, beautiful in appearance—whoever sees her delights in gazing upon her without ever growing weary. Moreover, this jewel of a queen feels cool in hot weather and warm in cold weather. From her body emanates a wonderful fragrance, like that of sandalwood, and her breath is perfumed like the blue lotus. For the monarch’s sake, she retires late and rises early, diligently respectful. In all that she does, she never lets the king’s mind wander. Her thoughts themselves harbor no evil, let alone her body or speech committing any faults. For such reasons, the wheel-turning monarch feels great joy, boundless delight, and thinks to himself, 'This is indeed the jewel of a queen born for me!' Monks, this is how a wheel-turning monarch perfectly possesses the jewel of a queen.

「諸比丘！何等名為轉輪聖王主藏臣寶威力具足？諸比丘！轉輪王出世生主藏臣寶，大富饒財多有功德，報得天眼，洞見地中有主無主一切伏藏，皆為其眼之所鑒識，若水若陸若遠若近，於中所有珍奇寶物，此主藏臣皆為作護，如法守視不令毀失，無主之物應時收取，擬為輪王資須受用。爾時，藏臣即自往詣轉輪王所，到已啟言：『大聖天王！若天所須資財寶物，惟願勿憂，臣力能辦，天所用者皆令具足。』時，轉輪王為欲驗試主藏臣寶，乘船入水中流而住，勅藏臣曰：『汝藏臣來，我須財寶，宜速備具！宜速備具！』藏臣啟言：『惟願大天，假臣須臾，待船至岸，當於水側收取財寶，以供天用。』王告藏臣：『我今不須岸上財物，但當於此為我辦之。』藏臣啟言：『謹奉天勅不敢有違。』爾時，藏臣受王勅已，偏袒右臂，右膝著船，手㧌大水，指如蟹鼇，撮聚金銀，滿諸器內，即於船上，持用奉獻，啟言：『大王，此諸金銀，皆是天寶，天以此物，供給於王，以為財用。』時，轉輪王告藏臣言：『我不須財，但試汝耳！』時，主藏臣，聞王語已，還收金銀，置於水內。以是因緣，轉輪聖王，受大歡喜，踊躍無量，心自念言：『我今已得藏臣寶耶！』諸比丘！轉輪聖王，有如是等藏臣具足。

> Monks, what is meant by the Wheel-Turning King's possession of a treasury minister endowed with power and qualities? Monks, when a Wheel-Turning King appears in the world, a treasury minister is born. He is extremely wealthy, with great merit and abundant resources. By nature, he possesses a celestial eye that can clearly see all hidden treasures underground—both those with owners and those without. Whether on land or in water, far or near, all precious objects are visible to his eye. This treasury minister protects them all, guarding them according to proper rules so that nothing is lost or damaged. He promptly collects ownerless items for the king's future use. At that time, the treasury minister approaches the Wheel-Turning King and reports: "Great Sage Heavenly King, do not worry if you need wealth or treasures. I have the ability to provide them; everything Your Majesty requires will be fully supplied." Then the Wheel-Turning King decides to test the treasury minister's treasure-possessing power. He boards a ship, stops in the middle of the current, and commands: "Come, treasury minister! I need treasures now. Prepare them quickly! Prepare them quickly!" The treasury minister requests: "Please, Great Heaven, grant me a moment. Let the ship reach the shore, and I will collect treasures from the riverbank for you." The king says: "I do not need treasures on the shore. You must provide them here." The treasury minister replies: "I respectfully follow your command, and dare not disobey." Then, having received the king's order, the treasury minister bares his right shoulder, kneels on his right knee on the ship, stirs the water with his hands, and with fingers like crab claws, gathers gold and silver, filling various vessels. He then presents them on the ship, saying: "Great King, this gold and silver is celestial treasure. Use it as your wealth." The Wheel-Turning King says: "I do not need these treasures; I was only testing you!" Hearing this, the treasury minister puts the gold and silver back into the water. Because of this, the Wheel-Turning King feels great joy, leaps with boundless happiness, and thinks: "I have now obtained a treasury minister as treasure!" Monks! Such is how a Wheel-Turning King is endowed with a treasury minister.

「諸比丘！何等名為轉輪聖王主兵臣寶威力具足？諸比丘！由轉輪王福德力故，自然出生兵將之寶，巧智多能，善諸謀策，洞識軍機，神慧成就。轉輪聖王所須兵力，悉能備具，欲走即走，欲行即行，欲散即散，欲集即集。爾時，兵將便自往詣轉輪王所，到已啟言：『王若須兵，教習駈役，惟願勿慮，臣當為王教習兵馬，皆令如心，調柔隨順。』時，轉輪王，為欲試此主兵寶故，便勅所司，嚴備四兵，所謂象兵、馬兵、車兵、步兵。王知四兵悉嚴備已，告將寶言：『汝兵將來，當善為我惣領四兵，教令隨順，善走善行，善集善散，如法勿違。』時，兵將寶，聞轉輪王如是勅已，啟言：『大王，謹奉天勅，臣不敢違。』便惣四兵，莊嚴器仗，教走教行，教集教散。如王所勅，欲走即走、欲行即行、欲集即集、欲散即散，隨意自在。以是因緣，轉輪聖王，生大歡喜，踊躍無量，心自念言：『我今已得主兵將寶！』諸比丘！轉輪聖王，有如是等主兵將寶，威力具足。諸比丘！若有如是七寶現者，然後得名轉輪聖王。

> “Monastics, what is meant by the Wheel-Turning Monarch possessing the power of the Jewel of the Chief Minister of Military Affairs? Monastics, due to the merit and power of the Wheel-Turning Monarch, a military command jewel naturally appears. This command is clever, resourceful, versed in strategy, understanding military tactics perfectly, and endowed with keen intelligence. Whatever forces the Wheel-Turning King needs, this command can fully prepare them—making them run when he desires to advance, march when he wishes to move, scatter when he wants to disband, and assemble when he orders a gathering. At that time, the military command jewel goes before the king and says: ‘Great King, if you require troops to be trained and directed, do not worry. I will train your forces so that they are gentle, obedient, and act exactly as your heart desires.’ Then the king, wanting to test this jewel, orders his officers to prepare the four divisions of the army: the elephant corps, the cavalry, the chariot corps, and the infantry. Once these four divisions are fully prepared, the king commands the jewel: ‘O Commander Jewel, govern these four divisions well, teaching them to be compliant, to advance and halt quickly, to gather and disperse properly, to follow the law without defiance.’ Hearing this, the commander jewel replies: ‘Great King, I respect your heavenly command and will not disobey.’ He then unites the four divisions, equips them with weapons and armor, and practices them in advancing, halting, assembling, and dispersing. They can do exactly as the king orders: advance when he desires to advance, halt when he wants to halt, assemble when he wishes to gather, and scatter when he intends to disband—everything at his will. Because of this, the Wheel-Turning Monarch feels great joy and immense delight, thinking: ‘Now I have gained the Jewel of the Chief Minister of Military Affairs!’ Monastics, such is the power of the Wheel-Turning Monarch’s jewel of the military command—full of might and capability. Monastics, only when one possesses these seven jewels can he be called a Wheel-Turning Monarch.”

「諸比丘！何等名為轉輪聖王四種自在神通具足？諸比丘！轉輪聖王，壽命長遠，久住在世；於一切時一切世間，無有人類能得如是安隱久住，與轉輪王壽命等者。是則名為轉輪聖王第一壽命神通具足。

> “Monks, what are the four kinds of sovereign spiritual powers fully possessed by a Wheel-Turning Sage King? Monks, the Wheel-Turning Sage King lives a long life, dwelling in the world for an extended period. In all times and throughout all worlds, no human being can attain such peaceful, long-lasting existence equal to the lifespan of the Wheel-Turning King. This is called the Wheel-Turning Sage King’s first perfection of sovereign spiritual power in longevity.

「復次，諸比丘！轉輪聖王，所受身體，少病少惱，眾相具足，其腹平滿，不小不大，寒熱冷煖，隨時調適，進止輕便，食飲消化，安隱快樂；於一切時一切世間，無有餘人世間受生少病少惱能如是者。是則名為轉輪聖王第二身力神通具足。

> Furthermore, monks, the body of a Wheel-Turning King is blessed with excellent health, free from illness and worry. His physical features are complete and perfect. His belly is smooth and full, neither too small nor too large. He is naturally attuned to heat and cold, at ease in all temperatures. His movements are light and effortless, his digestion is efficient, and he dwells in peace and happiness. In all times and throughout the entire world, no other human being born into this life could surpass him in freedom from illness and worry. This is called the second endowment of physical strength and spiritual power possessed by the Wheel-Turning King.

「復次，諸比丘！轉輪聖王，報生形貌端正殊特，常為世間樂觀無厭，色身清淨，具足莊嚴，最勝最妙，無有倫匹；於一切時一切世間，人中受生，無有如是端正殊特，為諸世間樂觀無厭，如轉輪王形相備者。是則名為轉輪聖王第三色貌神通具足。

> "Furthermore, monks, a Wheel-Turning Sage King is born with an exceptionally handsome and striking appearance that people in the world find endlessly pleasing to look at. His physical form is pure, fully adorned, and surpasses all others—the most excellent and wonderful, with no equal. At all times and in all worlds, among humans, no one is born with such handsome features, so delightful to behold, as those possessed by the Wheel-Turning King. This is called the third perfection of form possessed by the Wheel-Turning Sage King."

「復次，諸比丘！轉輪聖王，業力因緣，有大福報，世間種種，資產豐饒，珍奇眾寶，無不具足；於一切時一切世間，人中受生，無有如是富樂自在，資財服玩眾妙寶物充溢府庫比輪王者。是則名為轉輪聖王第四果報神通具足。諸比丘！若具如是四種神通無缺減者，然後得名轉輪聖王。

> "Furthermore, monks, due to the power of their past actions, a Wheel-Turning King possesses great merit. Their wealth in the world is abundant—they lack nothing in terms of rare treasures and precious jewels. At all times, among all people born in the human realm, no one enjoys such wealth, ease, and freedom, with treasures and fine objects filling their storehouses, as this king. This is known as the fourth miraculous quality of a Wheel-Turning King. Monks, only when one fully possesses these four miraculous qualities without any deficiency can they be truly called a Wheel-Turning King."

「諸比丘！又此福德轉輪聖王，為諸人民之所愛敬，心常喜樂，如子愛父；又諸人民，亦得輪王之所憐念，意恒慈育，如父愛子。

> "Monks, a righteous wheel-turning monarch is deeply loved and respected by the people, who always feel joy and delight, just as children love their father. And likewise, the people are cared for and cherished by the wheel-turning monarch, who constantly nurtures them with kindness, just as a father loves his children."

「諸比丘！轉輪聖王，或於一時，乘大寶車，出宮遊觀，歷諸勝地，爰及林苑。當於是時，一切人民，悉得面見轉輪聖王，皆大歡喜，咸共同聲告馭者曰：『汝善馭者，惟願持轡從容徐行，勿令速疾。所以者何？汝若持車，徐徐緩進，則令我等多時得見轉輪聖王。』爾時，輪王聞此語已，亦復如是勅馭者言：『汝善馭者，徐徐緩步，慎勿速疾。所以者何？汝若持車，安詳漸進，則亦令我多時遊歷周遍觀視一切人民。』諸比丘！時，諸民眾見輪王已，各各自持所有寶物，車前胡跪，奉獻輪王，啟言：『大王，民等今者以此奉天，此物屬天，願天受取，隨意所用。何以故？如此寶物，唯應天用故。』

> Monks, if a wheel-turning emperor were to go out in his great jeweled chariot to tour the finest scenic spots and parks, all the people who saw him would be overjoyed. They would declare to his charioteer: ‘Dear skillful driver, we beg you to hold the reins and proceed slowly—do not rush! For if you drive slowly, we will have more time to see the great emperor.’ When the wheel-turning emperor heard this, he would likewise instruct the driver: ‘Dear skillful driver, proceed slowly, take your time. For if you drive at a calm and gradual pace, I will also have more time to tour the area and see all the people.’ Then, Monks, after seeing the emperor, the people would each take their precious treasures, kneel before the chariot, and offer them to him, saying: ‘Great king, we now present these treasures to you. These treasures belong to you. Please accept them and use them as you see fit. Why? Because such treasures are only fit for you to use.’

「諸比丘！轉輪聖王出現世時，此閻浮洲清淨平正，無有荊棘，及諸稠林、丘墟坑坎、廁溷雜穢臭處不淨、礓石瓦礫沙鹵等物，悉皆無有。金銀七寶自然具足，不寒不熱，節候均調。諸比丘！又轉輪王出現世時，此閻浮洲自然安置八萬城邑，皆悉快樂，無諸怖畏，人民熾盛，穀食豐饒，聚落殷多，甚可愛樂。諸比丘！又轉輪王出現世時，此閻浮洲王所治處，聚落城邑，比屋連村，鷄飛相到，人民安樂，不可思議。諸比丘！又轉輪王出現世時，此閻浮洲常於夜半，從阿那婆達多池中興大雲氣，遍閻浮洲及諸山海，應時雨注，亦遍閻浮，如搆牛乳間，雨深四指。其水甘美具八功德，下處即沒，更不滂流，浸潤地中，水澇不現，至夜後分，雲霧消除。有清涼風，從大海出，吹其潤澤流散，閻浮人民，觸之皆受安樂，又彼甘澤潤漬，此洲普使肥良鮮明光膩；譬如世間善作鬘師鬘師弟子造鬘既成，以水灑散，令其悅澤花色光鮮，此亦如是。又轉輪王出現世時，此閻浮洲一切土地，自然沃壤欝茂滋液；譬如有人以蘇油塗物，其地肥美膏腴津潤，亦復如是。諸比丘！轉輪聖王既出現已，住世久遠，經無量年，於此時間，亦復雜受人中苦觸。譬如細軟丈夫其體柔弱，食美食已，運動施為，受少疲觸，乃得消化。如是如是，彼轉輪王，處世久遠，於生死中，受少苦觸，亦復如是。諸比丘！轉輪聖王壽命終時，捨此身已，必生天上，與三十三天，同處共生。

> Monks, when a Wheel-Turning Emperor appears in the world, this continent of Jambudvipa becomes pure, level, and even. There are no thorns, tangled forests, mounds, pits, latrines, impure or foul-smelling places, or rocks, gravel, sand, or salt flats. Gold, silver, and the seven precious treasures appear naturally. The climate is neither cold nor hot, and the seasons are well-balanced. Furthermore, monks, when a Wheel-Turning Emperor appears in the world, eighty thousand cities naturally arise on Jambudvipa. They are all joyful, without any fear. The people are prosperous, with abundant grain, and the settlements are many and delightful. Monks, when a Wheel-Turning Emperor appears in the world, where he rules, the villages and cities are connected house to house and village to village, so close that chickens can fly from one to the next. The people live in happiness beyond imagination. Monks, when a Wheel-Turning Emperor appears in the world, every night at midnight, a great cloud rises from Lake Anavatapta, covering Jambudvipa and all its mountains and seas. Rain falls at the right time, covering the entire continent to a depth of four fingers, like milking a cow. The water is sweet and has the eight qualities. It soaks into low-lying areas without flooding, and seeps into the ground without leaving puddles. Later in the night, the clouds and fog clear. A cool wind blows from the great ocean, spreading moisture over Jambudvipa, and all who touch it feel comforted and happy. The sweet rain makes the continent fertile, bright, and smooth—just as a skilled garland maker or their apprentice sprinkles water on a finished garland to make it radiant and vibrant. Also, monks, when a Wheel-Turning Emperor appears in the world, all the land of Jambudvipa naturally becomes rich, fertile, and full of vitality—just as if someone anointed a surface with butter oil, making it nourishing and moist. Monks, after a Wheel-Turning Emperor appears, he lives for a very long time, for countless years. During this time, he still experiences some human suffering and hardship. It is like a delicate, gentle person who, after eating fine food, experiences slight discomfort from activity before digesting it. In the same way, the Wheel-Turning Emperor, ruling for a long time, only experiences a small amount of suffering amid his life. Monks, when the life of a Wheel-Turning Emperor comes to an end, after leaving this body, he is certainly reborn in heaven, dwelling together with the gods of the Thirty-Three Heavens.

「諸比丘！轉輪聖王當命終時，為供養輪王故，於虛空中，自然普雨優鉢羅華、鉢頭摩華、拘物頭華、分陀利華等種種香華，亦雨天沈水末、多伽羅末、栴檀香末，及天曼陀羅等種種諸華。復有天樂，其音微妙，不鼓自鳴，亦有諸天歌讚之聲，在虛空中，為供養此轉輪王身，作福利故。

> "Monks, when a wheel-turning sage king was about to pass away, as an offering to him, various fragrant flowers such as blue lotuses, pink lotuses, white lotuses, and jasmine naturally rained down from the sky. Heavenly powders of aloe wood, tagara wood, and sandalwood also fell, along with celestial flowers like mandaravas. Furthermore, divine music of exquisite tone played of its own accord without being struck, and heavenly voices filled the air with songs of praise. All this happened in the sky, to honor the wheel-turning king's body and to bring him blessings and benefit."

「諸比丘！爾時，女寶、主藏臣寶、主兵將寶等，則以種種淨妙香湯，洗輪王身。香汁洗已，先用劫波娑㲲，儭身裹之；然後乃以不擣㲲衣，於上重裹；次復更以殊妙細㲲足五百段，就二㲲上次第纏之。裹纏畢已，又取金棺，滿盛蘇油，持輪王身，置之棺內；又以銀槨，盛此金棺，內銀槨已，從上下釘，令其牢固。又復集聚一切香木積成大𧂐，然後闍毘轉輪王身。既闍毘已，收其灰骨，於四衢道中，為轉輪王作蘇偷婆隋言大聚，舊云塔者訛略也，高一由旬，闊半由旬，雜色莊挍，四寶所成，所謂金銀琉璃頗梨。其蘇偷婆，四院周圍，五十由旬，七重垣牆、七重欄楯，略說如上，乃至眾鳥各各自鳴。時，彼女寶及主藏主、兵寶等，為轉輪王作蘇偷婆，既成就已，然後施設上妙供具，諸來求者，種種供給，所謂須食與食、須飲與飲、須乘與乘、須衣與衣、須財與財、須寶與寶，盡給施之，悉令滿足。

> Monks, at that time, the Gem of a Woman, the Gem of a Treasurer, and the Gem of a General bathed the Wheel-Turning King’s body with various pure and fragrant herbal baths. After washing him with scented water, they first wrapped his body directly in fine linen cloth. Then they wrapped it again with un-pounded cotton cloth. After that, they wound it layer by layer with five hundred lengths of exceptionally fine and delicate fabric. When the wrapping was done, they took a golden coffin, filled it completely with ghee, placed the Wheel-Turning King’s body inside, and then put that golden coffin into a silver outer coffin. They drove nails from top to bottom into the silver coffin to secure it firmly. Then they gathered all kinds of fragrant wood, piled it into a great pyre, and cremated the Wheel-Turning King’s body. After the cremation, they collected his ashes and bones, and at a crossroads they built a \*stupa\* for the Wheel-Turning King. The stupa was one \*yojana\* high and half a \*yojana\* wide, adorned with various colors, and made of four kinds of precious materials: gold, silver, crystal, and lapis lazuli (or beryl). The stupa was surrounded by four courtyards, totaling fifty \*yojanas\* in circumference, with seven layers of walls and seven layers of railings, as described above—even down to the various birds each singing their own songs. Then the Gem of a Woman, the Gem of a Treasurer, and the Gem of a General, having built the stupa for the Wheel-Turning King, proceeded to arrange the finest offerings. They gave generously to all who came seeking, providing whatever was needed—food to the hungry, drink to the thirsty, a vehicle to those who needed transport, clothes to the naked, wealth to the poor, jewels to those who sought them. They gave it all away, fully satisfying everyone.

「諸比丘！轉輪聖王命終已後，始經七日，輪寶、象寶、馬寶、珠寶，皆即自然隱沒不現。女寶、主藏、主兵將等，悉亦命終。四種寶城，稍稍改變，還為塼土。所有人民，亦皆隨時，漸次減少。諸比丘！一切諸行，有為無常，如是遷改，無有常住，破壞離散，不得自在。是磨滅法，暫須臾間，非久停住。諸比丘！應當捨於有為諸行，應當遠離、應當厭惡、應當速求解脫之道。

> Monks, seven days after the death of a Wheel-Turning Sage King, the Wheel Jewel, the Elephant Jewel, the Horse Jewel, and the Jewel itself all naturally vanish and become invisible. The Woman Jewel, the Treasurer, and the General also pass away. The four precious cities gradually change, turning back into brick and earth. All the people, too, diminish and decrease little by little over time. Monks, all conditioned things are impermanent. They change like this, with nothing lasting forever. They break apart, separate, and are not under our control. They are things that wear away, lasting only for a short while, never enduring. Monks, you should let go of all conditioned things. You should distance yourselves from them, grow weary of them, and quickly seek the path to liberation.