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  1. Diamond Sutra Commentary and Essential Rituals (銷釋金剛經科儀會要註解)
  2. Volume 3 (第三)
  3. Manifestation of Goodness: The Second Chapter (善現啟請分第二)
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Diamond Sutra Commentary and Essential Rituals (銷釋金剛經科儀會要註解)


善現啟請。頓起疑心。合掌問世尊。云何應住。降伏其心。

Subhuti arose, a sudden doubt stirring in his mind. Joining his palms, he asked the World-Honored One: "How should one abide? How does one subdue the mind?"

此科。昭明太子。判此一段經文。為善現啟請分第二。盖善現請佛說法為眾決疑,故立此名也。頓起者,言善現這一啟請,即為當來有情眾生所以頓然而起疑心,請問世尊而為決通也。合掌者,此科長老須菩提在大眾中即從座起,偏袒右肩右膝著地,合掌恭敬而白佛言:希有世尊!如來善護念諸菩薩,善付囑諸菩薩也。云何應住者,此科世尊云:善男子善女人發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心,云何應住?云何降伏其心也?

This section, designated by Crown Prince Zhaoming as the second part titled "Shan Xian Begins to Inquire," is named so because Shan Xian asked the Buddha to teach and resolve doubts for the assembly. "Suddenly arises" refers to the immediate questioning that arises when Shan Xian's request brings doubt to future sentient beings, prompting them to ask the World-Honored One for resolution. "Joining palms" refers to the elder Subhuti rising from his seat within the assembly, baring his right shoulder, kneeling on his right knee, respectfully joining his palms, and addressing the Buddha: "How rare, World-Honored One! The Tathagata skillfully protects and empowers all bodhisattvas, skillfully entrusts and instructs all bodhisattvas." "How should one abide" refers to this section where the World-Honored One says: "Good men and good women who have set their minds on attaining supreme enlightenment—how should they abide? How should they subdue their minds?"

佛教如是,仔細分明。氷消北岸,無花休怨春。

This is how Buddhism truly is, clear and distinct. When the ice melts on the northern shore, if no flowers bloom, do not blame the spring.

此科佛言:善男子、善女人,發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心,應如是住,如是降伏其心。佛答:如是安住理中,如是降伏煩惱。說得仔細明白,無有藏隱。須菩提於此領解佛意,故應云:唯然,世尊!願樂欲聞也。氷消北岸者,此總科須菩提問安住降伏,佛答:如是住,如是降伏。如陽春一布,萬物生輝,氷消北岸,花發南枝也。無花休怨春者,科家意云:佛如此酬答,太煞分明。汝等後人,不悟如來所說之旨,似枯木無花,蕉芽敗種,莫怨春光,不曾與你,自恨無枝葉,莫怨太陽偏也。

The Buddha said: "Good men and good women who set their minds on attaining supreme enlightenment should abide like this and calm their minds like this." The Buddha replied, "Abide in this principle of reality, and calm your mind in this way." He explained it clearly and fully, without any concealment. Subhuti then understood the Buddha's meaning, so he responded, "Indeed, World-Honored One. I wish to hear this with joy."

"Ice melting on the northern shore" refers to this passage where Subhuti asks about abiding and calming the mind, and the Buddha answers, "Abide like this and calm like this." Just as when spring arrives, all things shine with life: ice melts on the northern shore and flowers bloom on the southern branches.

"If there are no flowers, do not blame the spring" means: The commentator's intention is that the Buddha's response was already extremely clear. Yet you later people, if you do not awaken to the meaning of the Tathagata's teaching, you are like a withered tree without blossoms or a rotten seed and sprout. Do not blame the spring sunshine for not reaching you. Rather, you should lament your own lack of branches and leaves, and not fault the sun for being uneven.

金剛般若智, 莫向外邊求。 空生來請問:
教起有因由

The diamond-like wisdom of prajna— Do not seek it outside yourself. When Subhuti came to ask this question, He was taught that this path arises due to causes.

前二句,叮嚀切囑此般若智,當人本具,莫向外求。後二句,明須菩提這一問佛,是為當來眾生起教之因由也。

The first two lines are a solemn instruction emphasizing that this Prajna wisdom is innate within each person—do not seek it externally. The last two lines clarify that Subhuti's question to the Buddha serves as the causal basis for teaching future beings.

○善現啟請分第二。
【經】時長老須菩提在大眾中(至)唯然,世尊!願樂欲聞。
註曰:長老者,以德長年老也。須菩提解空第一,於此般若是當機人,欲發起此經,為眾請也。從座起者,請佛說法,恭敬之儀也。右膝著地者,文殊問般若經云:右是正道,左是邪道。今欲說般若正道,用正去邪也。諸佛希有者,如優曇華三萬年開金華一次,乃得一現耳。善護念者,為護念根熟。菩薩記云:根熟者,三賢已上菩薩信根成熟,永無退轉,佛即護念也。善付囑者,為付囑根未熟。菩薩記云:十信菩薩信根未成熟故。付者,將小付大。囑者,囑大化小。如此護念付囑,即希有事也。善男女者,即未發大乘心之凡夫也。阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者,即發無上正等正覺心也。云何應住降伏者,須菩提意云:雖發此心,未知修何等觀降伏煩惱,故發此二問:一問眾生發無上心欲求般若,云何可以安住諦理?二問降伏惑心,云何可以折攝散亂見思塵沙煩惱也?善哉者,佛深許須菩提所問奇妙,故云善哉。是佛讚歎須菩提能知我意,善教諸人不起妄念也。汝今諦聽者,諦則諦審明白,汝當了達聲塵本來不生,勿逐語言詳審而聽。應如是住者,佛答須菩提:既發菩提心,應當安住諦理降伏惑心也。唯然者,乃須菩提領諾之辭也。聞佛所答如是發心、如是應住、如是降伏,即便領解,故應之唯然也。如夫子云:參乎!吾道一以貫之。曾子聞之曰:唯。即應之速而無疑也。願樂欲聞者,盖為眾生請問而發起此教也。
昔奇哉之善現,讚希有之慈尊,悲憐濁世眾生,咨決菩提心要。

Once upon a time, the noble Subhuti praised the rare and wonderful compassionate Lord, who, out of pity for beings in a troubled world, asked for the essential teachings on the awakened mind.

此是科家讚美須菩提奇哉,昔日請佛說法,讚歎希有,如優曇華三萬年方始一現,故云希有也。悲憐眾生者,是他善現慈愍之心,為五濁惡世有情眾生咨請佛決,通菩提心之總要,故云奇哉也。
可謂一經正眼,三藏絕詮,千聖不傳,諸祖不說。
一經正眼者,即爍迦羅金剛堅固眼也。明經中須菩提問:發菩提心,云何應住?云何降伏?佛答:應如是住,如是降伏。單顯菩提心為金剛經正眼也。三藏絕詮者,似此菩提心,三藏之文,詮註不及,故云絕詮也。千聖不傳者,呈上正眼絕詮之道,可謂向上一路,千聖不遊。如云:父母未生前,凝然一相圓,釋迦猶不會,迦葉豈能傳?
如是降伏,扁舟已過洞庭湖;護念叮嚀,何啻白雲千萬里。
科家意云:此理既是三藏絕詮之道,諸祖不傳之旨,今日世尊說個如是降伏,早是扁舟已過洞庭湖,於理中去之遠矣。護念叮嚀者,科家云:如來說個護念,說個付囑,不止白雲萬里而矣。如云:聲前一句口如眉,佛祖從來總不知。
為甚麼如此?
此是科家重審上義,因其扁舟已過,白雲萬里,下文伸答。
毗婆尸佛早留心, 直至而今不得妙
言此菩提心,自過去毗婆尸佛至釋迦牟尼佛,以心傳心,佛佛授受,西天四七,東土二三,至今不斷,謂之傳心。端的此心有何傳受?可謂少林九年垂一則語,直至而今諸方賺舉,故云不得妙也。
問處孤高答處深, 妙圓真淨不須尋。
瞥然如是知端的, 默契菩提大道心。
此四句頌經文之義也。問處孤高者,即須菩提所問云何應住,今既發菩提心,便要修菩提行,然後成菩提道,欲修此行,未知以何諦安住即是。又問欲修菩提行,十使煩惱妄念之心,於一剎那頃,有九百生住異滅,相續不斷,以何等法降伏妄心。如此二問,其實孤高也。答處深者,佛答應如是住,如是降伏,其心乃全體顯露,如即真如之理,是即允許之辭,三諦真如之理,三諦融通,應當稱理而修,方纔許是。世尊答此兩個如是,其實深也。妙圓真淨者,明問處甚深,答處微妙,顯密圓融,真實清淨之道,故云妙圓真淨也。不須尋者,指示行人向佛答處會取,再不須別處尋求也。瞥然如是者,明須菩提向佛兩翻答處,就知端的,默識心通,領其旨趣,即得契合菩提大道也。
阿彌陀佛元無相, 遍界明明不覆藏。
文潞尚然修淨土, 東坡猶願往西方。
前二句明阿彌陀佛不住有為,不住無為,故云無相。遍界明明者,言彌陀法身周遍法界,無有覆藏也。後二句者,引古勸今也。文潞公姓文諱彥愽,守洛陽,甞致齋往龍華寺瞻禮聖像,忽見像毀墮地,略不加敬,但瞻視而出。傍有僧曰:何不作禮?曰:像毀矣,吾何禮乎?僧曰:先德道:譬如官路土,人取以為像。智者知是土,凡人謂像生。後乃於行時,還將像填路。像本不生滅,路亦無新故。公聞之有省,盖悟無生之生,幻相宛然;生之無生,真性湛然;無生法忍,自然契矣。由是慕道,專念彌陀,期生淨土,晨香夜坐,未甞少廢。每發願曰:願我常精進,勤修一切善。願我了心宗,廣度諸含識。每見一切人,則勸念佛,誓結十萬人緣,同生淨土也。如如居士讚曰:知君膽氣大如天,要結西方十萬緣。不為一身求活計,大家齊上渡頭船。東坡者,姓蘇名軾,字子瞻,號東坡居士。宋元祐初除翰林,遷內翰。初參東林總禪師,與論無情話有省,遂献投機偈曰:溪聲盡是廣長舌,山色無非清淨身。夜來八萬四千偈,他日如何舉似人。公謫黃州,又謫惠州,仍被命遷儋州。南行之日,擕阿彌陀佛像一軸,人問何故事,答曰:往生西方公據也。時作者咸曰:東坡篤信無疑,實淨土之果人也。母夫人程氏歿,以簪珥遺物,命工胡錫畫彌陀像,自製贊曰:佛以大圓覺,充滿十方界。我以顛倒想,出沒生死中。云何以一念,得往生淨土。我造無始業,本從一念生。既從一念生,還從一念滅。生滅滅盡處,則我與佛同。如投水海中,如風中鼓橐。雖有大聖智,亦不能分別。願我先父母,及一切眾生。在在為西方,所遇皆極樂。人人無量壽,無去亦無來。然先生云:既以一念生,還從一念滅。生滅滅盡處,則我與佛同。此同金剛三昧經云:因緣所生義,是義滅非生。滅諸生滅義,是義非生滅。然東坡四句與經符合,可謂冥契佛心者矣。
纔出胞胎又入胎, 聖人觀此慟悲哀。
幻身究竟無香潔, 打破畫瓶歸去來。
纔出胞胎者,五母子經云:時一沙彌,七歲出家得道,自識宿命而笑曰:故我一身,令五母悲惱。為第一母子時,鄰家亦生小兒,與我同年,然我命短,母見隣子即悲惱。為第二母子時,天命早亡,母若見人乳兒,即為悲惱。為第三母子時,十歲而亡,母見人兒類我食時,即為悲惱。為第四母子時,少年先死,母見同輩娶妻,即為悲惱。為第五母子時,七歲出家,我母憶念,即為悲惱。故云纔出胞胎,又入胎也。聖人悲哀者,見六道眾生,妄念不止,輪迴不息,故慟悲哀也。幻身究竟者,因幻化而成,有七種不淨:一、種子不淨,此婬慾身,從無明貪愛煩惱為種子。二、愛生不淨,此身從父母赤白滴和合,托識其中。三、住處不淨,此身處母胎,生臟之下,熟臟之上。四、食噉不淨,在母胎中,唯食母血。五、初生不淨,此身產時,與血俱出,臭穢狼籍。六、舉體不淨,此身薄皮之內,膿血徧一切處。七、究竟不淨,此身死後,肨脹爛壞,骨肉縱橫,狐狼食噉也。今言此身,從生至究竟,無有香潔。所以大覺璉云:屎尿渠,膿血聚,筭來有甚風流處。九孔常流不淨坑,六門盡是狼籍鋪。打破畫瓶者,昔有一初果人,托陰有昏,不知宿命。後納一妻,房事無休。夫出遠行,素供一僧,忽來問:主在否?曰:不在。僧欲迴,婦留齋,向僧具訴上事。僧曰:但向他道,汝須陀洹人,太甚貪之。如此三說。夫聞之,宿命即通,遂乃愧乎。從此止息,晏坐不臥。妻却怒恨曰:厭汝頻繁,孰言止息?夫言:汝不知道,我知道了。妻每問此,夫必此答。妻會父母,共問此夫,亦如此答。夫以畵瓶,令妻抱持,云:汝若能知此中何物,吾便依汝。妻遂愛惜如寶。一時偶失,足撲落地,渾身糞穢。妻甚嫌惡。夫曰:吾識破汝,亦如畫瓶。其妻省悟,遂捨紅塵,歸向佛道。故云打破畫瓶歸去來也。

法會因由分第一
大乘正宗分第三

CBETA Code: X0467

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