妙行無住。日月分明,本體離根塵。四維上下,朗耀無窮。
此科昭明太子判此一段經文為妙行無住分第四,言菩薩所行之行,於一切法心無住著,故云妙行。不即不離,故曰無住也。日月分明者,呈上妙行無住,已達三輪體空,謂施者、受者及所施物,悉皆如空。如此指示,似日月光,甚是分明也。本體離根塵者,此之妙行,不住六塵,不著六根,內外根塵,皆悉空寂,故云本體離根塵也。四維上下者,此科菩薩不住相布施,其福德不可思量。所施之福,稱理而周,猶如虗空,四維上下,朗然明耀,無窮無盡,不可思量者矣。
This section was designated by Crown Prince Zhaoming as the fourth chapter on "The Sublime Practice of Non-Attachment." It speaks of the practice of a Bodhisattva, whose mind does not cling to any phenomena, thus it is called "sublime practice." Neither grasping nor rejecting, it is called "non-attachment."
The phrase "as clear as the sun and moon" refers to the sublime practice of non-attachment, which has already realized the emptiness of the three aspects: the giver, the receiver, and the gift itself—all are empty like space. Such instruction is as clear and illuminating as the light of the sun and moon.
"The essence is free from sense organs and objects" means that this sublime practice does not dwell in the six sense objects nor cling to the six sense organs. Both internal and external, the sense organs and objects are all empty and tranquil, thus it is said that the essence is free from them.
"Extending in all directions" refers to the Bodhisattva's practice of giving without attachment to appearances, whose merit is immeasurable. The merit of such giving pervades all principles, like empty space, shining brightly in all four directions, above and below, boundless and inexhaustible, truly beyond measure.
世尊指教,一一分明,空生信受。鶯來處處春。
此科世尊指教,即指教菩薩無住相布施,但應如所教住,當依佛教行無所住,必得悟入,故云一一分明也。空生信受者,即領荷之辭。菩薩既不住相布施,不著六塵,其福猶如虗空,法法皆為布施,塵塵盡是菩提,故喻如鶯來處處皆春,那裏不是發生之處?所以云色自色兮聲自聲,新鶯啼處柳烟輕,門門有路通京國,三島橫斜海月明也。
摩訶般若宗, 性相體皆同。 四生并六道,
盡在默然中
摩訶般若者,指此大般若智為宗也。性相者,即性相二宗,於此般若事理雖殊,同一法界真心,故云體皆同也。四生并六道者,明四生六道從一法界真心變現,而有十法界之異也,故云盡在默然心體之內也。
○妙行無住分第四。
【經】復次,須菩提!菩薩於法(至)菩薩但應如所教住。
註曰:此分大意,言菩薩行施,於法不生執著,謂之妙行。於五塵等法,其心不住,謂之無住也。復次者,此乃敘經,明佛再說也。亦乃連前起後之辭耳。於法應無所住者,此明菩薩行布施之時,皆應無住。不見我為能施人,不見他為受施者,不見中間有物可施。三輪體空,謂之無相布施也。何以故者,此徵問之義。佛答須菩提:若菩薩不住相布施,其福德不可思量。又云:東方虗空可思量不者,佛乃引喻證法也。四方、四隅、上下,總為十方。佛問:十方虗空可思量不?須菩提答:不可思量。佛所以借此虗空無邊,喻所行布施,稱理而周。故所獲功德,亦不可思量也。佛又云:菩薩但應如所教住者,此誡勸菩薩當如佛所教,而安住於大乘也。傅大士頌曰:若論無相施,功德極難量。行悲濟貧乏,果報不須望。凡夫情行劣,初且略稱揚。欲知檀狀貌,如空遍十方。
住相布施,猶日月之有窮;不著六塵,若虗空之無際。自他俱利,福德難量。
科家意云:布施有二種:有拙施,有巧施。此住相布施,人天受福,福盡還墜三途。以有為之法,必有窮盡,如日月有出有沒,故云有窮也,謂之拙施。可謂住相布施,生天福,猶如仰箭射虗空也。不著六塵者,此明不住六塵之相,謂之巧施。若十方虗空,無有邊際,不住相布施,亦無邊際也。自他俱利者,此明菩薩無住。明布施心無取著,是自利,亦是理觀也。能行布施,廣濟貧乏,是利他,亦是事觀也。二事兼行,故云福德難量也。
豁然運用靈通,廓爾縱橫自在。且道還有住著處麼?
運用靈通者,明菩薩運用施度通於五度,即戒、忍、進、禪、智,故云靈通。外則不著六塵,內觀六度圓修,故云廓爾縱橫自在也。且道者科家徵問前義,上來既是如此,這裡還有住著處麼?到頭霜夜月,任運落前溪。
妙體本來無處所, 通身何更有蹤由
此二句答前無住所也。妙體者,明此真心之體,已絕色相之形,謂之體妙。從本已來,元無處所,有名呼不得,無位可安排。通身者,明法身無相,徧界絕蹤,可謂通身無向背,徧界不曾藏。傅大士曰:有物先天地,無形本寂寥。能為萬象主,不逐四時凋。
運心檀度契真常, 福等虗空不可量。
無影樹頭花爛熳, 從他採献法中王。
此四句頌經義也。初句明菩薩行施,以般若大智運一檀度攝後五度。智度論云:一念之中能行六般若波羅蜜。故云契真常也。福等虗空者,果能六度圓修三諦齊運,如空性無際施福無邊,故云不可量也。無影樹者,無影樹喻真諦,花爛熳喻俗諦也。採献法王者,行人果能真俗併用,此是大乘圓修之法,從他採献般若法王,可謂法中王最高勝,恒沙諸佛同共證者哉。
步步頭頭皆是道, 彌陀元不住西方。
法身徧滿三千界, 化佛權為十二光。
此四句是科家指示行人,斯道不可心外別求,步步踏著實地,頭頭頂掛虗空,皆是其道也。彌陀者,此明自性彌陀不在西方,可謂一句彌陀有悟由,西方不向外邊求,頭頭盡是歸家路,了了方知不用修。法身徧滿者,此理徧滿世界,總是一箇法身,何勞妄起知見,分別淨穢也。化佛者,解難釋疑。有難云:既是一箇法身,如何又有十二光佛名號?故答意云:雖有十二光佛不同,亦是化佛權為也。十二光佛者,無量壽佛、無量光佛、無礙光佛、無對光佛、炎王光佛、清淨光佛、歡喜光佛、智慧光佛、不斷光佛、難思光佛、無稱光佛、超日月光佛,總是一佛所化也。
道過邙山古墓排, 淮陰功業事堪哀。
貧富貴賤皆如夢, 夢覺來時歸去來。
此四句偈嘆貴賤如夢也。道過邙山者,北邙山在河南洛陽,皆前代天下官員命終皆葬於此,新墳舊塚遍地排列,行人路過此山,嗟而自嘆,似淮陰侯韓信功高天下,位至王侯,當得常在世間,永享榮華則可,何故今朝亦葬於此,惟伴一堆土塚而矣,故云事堪哀也。後二句總嘆,意云不獨韓信一人如此,就是貧者上無片瓦根椽盖覆,下無卓錐之地容身;富者家有四海之地,寶有千庫之盈;貴者三公之位,萬鍾之祿;賤者使作傭賃,奉侍尊長。雖貴賤差別不同,總是一個無常大夢也。歸去來者,乃科家誡勉,令人向夢中醒悟,覺世浮花,放下萬緣,單提一念,觀想彌陀,同登淨土,故云歸去來。