--- title: "毗尼日用切要 · 侍者送食" description: "毗尼日用切要由清代高僧读体汇集，是一部重要的佛教律学经典。读体大师是明末清初律宗代表人物，毕生致力于戒律研究与实践。该书以简明实用的方式系统阐述佛教戒律要义，涵盖僧人日常修行、衣食住行等行为规范，将繁杂戒条提炼为易于持守的准则。作为汉传佛教律学重要文献，它体现了中国佛教对戒律的本土化诠释，对后世僧团生活影响深远，至今仍是研究佛教戒律思想与实践的权威典籍。" url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcweyvfm0fngjx04y8z7cv08" --- ### 侍者送食 > Attendant Brings Food 汝等鬼神眾 我今施汝供 此食徧十方一切鬼神共 > You spirits and deities, I now offer this to you. This food spreads across the ten directions, Shared by all spirits and deities. 唵。穆力陵莎訶三徧。侍者送食回。維那唱僧跋云 > Om. Mu li ling sha he Recite three times. When the attendant brings back the food, the rector leads in chanting the "Sangha Bodhi" verse. 佛制比丘。食存五觀。散心雜話。信施難消。大眾聞罄聲。各正念。 > The Buddha established for monks the practice of contemplating five things during meals. When the mind wanders or idle chatter arises, it becomes difficult to repay the kindness of donors' offerings. Upon hearing the bell, may the assembly each maintain right mindfulness. 律中。佛制眾僧受食。唱僧跋者。因外道請佛及僧。密下毒藥於食中。佛令諸比丘一齊唱云。三跋羅伽多。所有毒藥。皆變為上妙美味。眾食安樂。免其毒害。言僧跋者。僧。即受食之僧眾。跋。即所唱之祕呪也。梵語三跋羅伽多。此云等供。謂眾僧食皆平等故。又云善至。謂供具善成。食時復至故。今此方唱五觀。令眾一心受食。而為僧跋者。一則無有外道毒害故。二則令人慚愧受食故。是以雖非正制。東夏通行。 > According to the monastic code, when the Buddha established the rule for the monastic community to receive food, the ceremony of chanting the "Sangha Vandana" was instituted. This was due to an incident where non-Buddhist practitioners invited the Buddha and the monks to a meal but secretly placed poison in the food. The Buddha instructed all the monks to chant together, "Sambhara-gata," which caused all the poison to transform into supremely delicious flavors. The community ate peacefully and was saved from harm. The term "Sangha Vandana" refers to the monks receiving the food, while "Vandana" is the secret chant recited. The Sanskrit word "Sambhara-gata" means "equal offerings," indicating that all monks receive food equally. It is also called "good arrival," meaning the offerings are perfectly prepared and the time for eating has come. In this region, the practice of reciting the Five Contemplations is now used to unite the community's minds when receiving food, serving as the "Sangha Vandana." This serves two purposes: first, there is no danger from non-Buddhist poison; second, it encourages people to receive food with a sense of gratitude and humility. Although this is not a rule from the original Buddhist canon, it is widely practiced in the Eastern lands. 執持應器 當願眾生 成就法器 受天人供 > Holding the bowl in hand, May all beings attain the vessel of Dharma, Worthy to receive offerings from humans and devas. 唵。枳哩枳哩。嚩日囉吽癹吒三徧。捧鉢當胷受食。三匙有節 > Om. Kili Kili. Vajra Hum Phat!Recite three times. Hold the bowl at chest level to receive food. Take three spoonfuls with proper restraint. 初匙願斷一切惡二匙。願修一切善三匙。誓度一切眾生如是行者。承此呪願力。勝河沙七寶。百味飲食。供養諸佛菩薩賢聖僧也○五觀無違。 > First Spoon I vow to end all evilSecond Spoon. I vow to cultivate all goodThird Spoon. I vow to liberate all beingsFor those who practice thus, relying on the power of this prayer, it surpasses offering rivers of sands of precious treasures and a hundred flavors of food and drink to all Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and wise saints○These five contemplations are without conflict.. - 一。計功多少。量彼來處。 - 二。忖己德行。全缺應供。 - 三。防心離過。貪等為宗。 - 四。正事良藥。為療形枯。 - 五。為成道業。應受此食。 一。計功多少。智度論云。此食墾植。收穫舂磨。淘汰炊煑。及成。功用甚多。量彼來處。僧祇律云。施主減其妻子之分。求福故施。凡受食時。當作此觀。二。忖己德行。全缺應供。毗尼母律云。若不坐禪誦經。營三寶事。及不持戒。受人信施。為財所墮。則不宜受食。德行若全。則可應供受食。凡受食時。當作此觀。三防心離過。貪等為宗。明了論疏云。出家先須防心三過。謂於上味食起貪。下味食起嗔。中味食起癡。以此不知慚愧。墮三惡道。凡受食時。當作此觀。四。正事良藥。為療形枯。謂飢渴為主病。四百四病為客病。故須以食為醫藥。用資其身。凡受食時。當作此觀。四百四病者。人身假地水火風四大所成。一大不調。則生百一種病。四大共成四百四病。五。為成道業。應受此食。謂不食則飢渴病生。道業何成。增一阿含經云。多食致苦患。少食氣力衰。處中而食者。如秤無高下。凡受食時。當作此觀。 > One. Reflect on the effort behind this food. According to the Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom, this food has gone through plowing, harvesting, threshing, grinding, sifting, cooking—so much labor has gone into making it. Consider where it truly comes from. The Monastic Rules of the Mahāsāṅghika School say that donors give from what they would otherwise spend on their own families, offering for the sake of blessings. When receiving food, contemplate this. Two. Examine your own virtue. Do you fully deserve this offering? The Mother of the Vinaya says that if one neither meditates, recites scriptures, nor attends to the Three Jewels, and fails to keep the precepts, then accepting offerings of faith would cause one to fall, and such food should not be received. If one's virtue is whole, then one may accept such offerings. When receiving food, contemplate this. Three. Guard the mind and keep it free from faults; greed and the like are the root. The Commentary on the \*Abhidharmakośa\* states that monastics must first guard against three faults of mind: craving for delicious food, aversion to plain food, and confusion regarding mediocre food. Without shame or remorse, one would fall into the three lower realms. When receiving food, contemplate this. Four. Treat this food as good medicine, taking it to cure the wasting of the body. Hunger and thirst are the primary illnesses, while the four hundred four ailments are secondary. Thus, food should be taken as medicine to sustain the body. When receiving food, contemplate this. The four hundred four illnesses arise because the body is composed of the four elements: earth, water, fire, and wind. When any one element is imbalanced, one hundred one illnesses arise; together, the four elements produce four hundred four illnesses. Five. Accept this food in order to accomplish the path. For if you do not eat, hunger and thirst give rise to illness, and how could the path be accomplished? The \*Ekottarāgama Sūtra\* says: eating too much brings distress; eating too little weakens one's vitality. Eat in moderation, like a scale that hangs even, neither high nor low. When receiving food, contemplate this. 結齋先念準提呪。次念此偈云。 > Before concluding the meal, first recite the Cundi Mantra, then chant this verse: 所謂布施者 必獲其利益 若為樂故施後必得安樂 > Those who give with a generous heart Will surely reap its rewards. If they give for the sake of happiness, They will find peace and joy in the end. 飯食已訖 當願眾生 所作皆辦 具諸佛法 > Having finished the meal, May all beings complete their tasks And embody the Dharma's teachings.