---
title: "沙彌律儀要略增註 · 執作第十一"
description: "沙彌律儀要略增註由清代高僧弘贊律師註解。該書以明末蓮池大師輯錄的《沙彌律儀要略》為基礎進行深入註釋闡發。內容涵蓋沙彌應持的十戒二十四威儀等行持規範，並詳細解釋其制戒緣起與實踐細則。本書是漢傳佛教僧伽教育的重要律學典籍，系統總結了沙彌行為準則，為新出家者提供了權威的修行指南，在佛教戒律傳承中具有不可替代的地位，至今仍是寺院培養僧才的核心教材。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcx0983708xajl044vm89edb"
---

### △執作第十一

> Chapter 11: On Clinging

當惜眾僧物。

> Cherish the offerings made to the monastic community.

大律云。護常住僧物。如護己眼睛。行護云。有損費常住三寶等物。當賠償之。昔揚州白塔寺沙門道昶。掌知僧物。自在侵用。忽有冥官數人。白日入房。曳昶下地。欲斷其頸。昶驚呌乞命。官厲聲言。合房資財。並送還僧。當放汝活。昶叩頭言。不敢違命。即鳴鐘集眾。盡捨衣物造像設齋。冥官三日復至。見昶一鉢一衲。不言而去。昶自是勉勵進修。卒成明行。

> The Great Vinaya states: "Guard the property of the permanent monastic community as you would guard your own eyes." The Conduct of Protection says: "If any damage or misuse occurs to the property of the Three Jewels belonging to the permanent community, it must be compensated." In the past, at White Pagoda Temple in Yangzhou, there was a monk named Daochang who was in charge of the monastic property. He freely misappropriated it for his own use. Suddenly, several underworld officials entered his room in broad daylight, dragged him to the ground, and were about to sever his neck. Daochang cried out in terror, begging for his life. The officials sternly declared: "Return all the community's assets and funds to the sangha, and we will spare your life." Daochang kowtowed and said: "I dare not disobey the command." He immediately rang the bell to assemble the community, donated all his robes and belongings to create a Buddha image and hold a feast offering. Three days later, the underworld officials returned. Seeing Daochang with only one bowl and one robe, they left without a word. From then on, Daochang diligently cultivated his practice and eventually attained clear insight and virtuous conduct.

當隨知事者教令。不得違戾。

> Follow the instructions of those in charge. Do not defy or resist.

違是乖違不順。戾是狠戾不服。

> "Contrary" means going against and not complying. "Defiant" means being fierce and refusing to submit.

凡洗菜。當三易水。

> When washing vegetables, change the water three times.

易換也。當先擇去蟲蟻等。然後洗之。

> First, pick out any insects or ants, then wash it.

凡汲水。先淨手。凡用水。當諦視有蟲無蟲。有以密羅濾過方用。若嚴冬不得早濾水。須待日出。

> When drawing water, first wash your hands clean. Before using water, always look carefully to see whether there are any living creatures in it. If there are, use a fine net to filter them out before using the water. In the depths of winter, do not filter water early in the morning; wait until the sun has risen.

寒天早濾。恐蟲凍死。凡河水井水。皆須觀察。無蟲方用。用有二種。一飲食。二浣濯。其水蟲極細。須諦觀察。不得就中洗手面。及大小便。濾羅有五種。一密絹方羅。二陰陽瓶。三君持瓶。此二。皆用絹鞔口。細繩繫項。沉放水中。待滿牽出。四酌水羅。五角羅。用絹方一磔許。或繫瓶口。或置碗上。濾而用之。

> On cold mornings, you must filter the water first, fearing that insects might freeze to death. For all river and well water, you must observe carefully. Only use it if there are no insects. There are two purposes for using water: one is for drinking and eating, the other is for washing. The insects in the water are extremely tiny, so you must observe attentively. Do not wash your hands or face in it, nor relieve yourself in it. There are five types of filters: 1. A fine silk square sieve. 2. A yin-yang bottle. 3. A water-holding bottle. For these two, cover the mouth with silk and tie it tightly with a thin rope. Sink it into the water, wait until it is full, then pull it out. 4. A ladle sieve. 5. A corner sieve. Use a piece of silk about a handspan wide, either tied over the mouth of a bottle or placed over a bowl, and filter the water before using it.

凡燒竈。不得燃腐薪。

> When lighting a stove, do not burn rotten firewood.

腐朽之木有蟲。故不聽然。經云。亦不得然生薪濕薪。

> A rotten piece of wood harbors insects. Therefore, do not burn it. The sutra says: You should also not burn fresh or damp firewood.

凡作食。不得帶爪甲垢。

> When preparing food, do not let dirt from under your fingernails get into it.

佛不聽留指甲。極長聽至一麥。若帶垢不淨作食。得廁中鬼報。譬喻經云。有沙門作摩波利飯。比丘分酪酥著手。以手拭柱。柱即破裂。不可不慎哉。

> The Buddha did not allow keeping long fingernails. They may be kept to the length of a grain of wheat. If one handles food with unclean, soiled nails, one will receive the retribution of becoming a ghost in a latrine. The \*Parable Sutra\* says: There was a monk who prepared \*māpoli\* rice. A bhikkhu shared ghee and butter, and with his hands, wiped a pillar. The pillar immediately cracked. How can one not be cautious!

凡棄惡水。不得當道。不得高手揚潑。當離地四五寸。徐徐棄之。

> When discarding waste water, do not pour it directly onto the path. Do not fling it from a height. Instead, hold the container four or five inches above the ground and pour it out gently.

惡水是洗器浣濯之水。不得當人行道處。棄瀉。

> Do not discard or pour out foul water, such as water used for washing utensils or clothes, in places where people walk.

凡掃地。不得逆風掃。不得聚灰土安門扇後。

> When sweeping the floor, do not sweep against the wind. Do not gather the dust and pile it behind the door.

謂不得堆積糞掃也。經云。掃地當令淨。不得有迹。有即時掃却。百緣經云。掃地得五功德。一自除心垢。二除他垢。三去憍慢。四調伏心。五增長功德。得生善處。

> Do not allow waste to accumulate. The scriptures say: When sweeping the ground, it should be made clean. No traces should remain. If there are any, sweep them away immediately. The Hundred Conditions Sutra says: Sweeping the ground brings five benefits: First, it removes the defilements from one's own mind. Second, it removes the defilements of others. Third, it removes arrogance. Fourth, it tames the mind. Fifth, it increases merit and leads to rebirth in a good place.

洗內衣。須拾去蟣虱。方洗。

> Wash your undergarments. You must first remove any lice or nits before washing.

小者名蟣。大者名虱。拾淨而洗。方無傷生之過。

> The small ones are called nits, the large ones are called lice. They must be picked off cleanly and then washed away, so as to avoid the fault of harming life.

夏月用水盆了須覆。若仰即蟲生。

> In summer, water basins must be covered after use. If left open, insects will breed.

夏月蟲生無時。仰則有餘水故蟲生。凡洗上衣之盆。不得用洗足及洗下衣襪等。晒時竿上。亦不得相觸。不得含水噴法衣。

> In the summer months, insects can appear at any time. They breed in stagnant water that collects in containers. The basin used for washing your upper robe should not be used for washing your feet or for washing undergarments, socks, and the like. When drying them on a pole, they should not touch each other. Do not spray water from your mouth onto the Dharma robe.

不得熱湯潑地上。

> Do not pour hot water on the ground.

傷生故也。亦不得以熱湯澆火令滅。

> Do not harm living beings. Also, do not use hot water to extinguish a fire.

一切米󳫹蔬果等。不得輕棄狼藉。須加愛惜。

> All rice, vegetables, and fruits must not be carelessly discarded or wasted. They should be cherished and used with care.

今生不惜物。來世無受用。況常住眾僧之物。而不深加護惜可乎。

> If you do not cherish possessions in this life, you will have nothing to use in the next life. How much more should we deeply cherish and protect the belongings of the permanent monastic community?