---
title: "沙彌律儀要略增註 · 入廁第十三"
description: "沙彌律儀要略增註由清代高僧弘贊律師註解。該書以明末蓮池大師輯錄的《沙彌律儀要略》為基礎進行深入註釋闡發。內容涵蓋沙彌應持的十戒二十四威儀等行持規範，並詳細解釋其制戒緣起與實踐細則。本書是漢傳佛教僧伽教育的重要律學典籍，系統總結了沙彌行為準則，為新出家者提供了權威的修行指南，在佛教戒律傳承中具有不可替代的地位，至今仍是寺院培養僧才的核心教材。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcx0983708xcjl040kg36fzu"
---

### △入廁第十三

> Chapter 13: Entering the Lavatory

欲大小便。即當行。莫待內逼倉卒。

> When you need to relieve yourself, go right away. Don't wait until it's urgent and you're caught unprepared.

倉卒即有失儀之過。故須及時當行。

> Acting in haste leads to lapses in propriety. Therefore, one must act in a timely manner.

於竹竿上。掛直裰。摺令齊整。以手巾或腰縧繫之。一作記認。二恐墮地。

> Hang your robe on a bamboo pole. Fold it neatly and tie it with a hand towel or waist cord. This serves two purposes: First, it marks your robe. Second, it prevents it from falling to the ground.

直裰。相傳前輩見僧有偏衫。而無裙。有裙而無偏衫。遂合二衣為直裰。當摺疊掛竹竿上。著內衣入。大律令著覆肩衣入廁。

> The straight robe. It is said that the elders of old saw monks wearing the outer robe but lacking the lower garment, or having the lower garment but lacking the outer robe, so they combined the two garments into the straight robe. It should be folded and hung on a bamboo pole. Enter wearing the inner garment. The monastic code instructs one to wear the shoulder-covering garment when entering the latrine.

須脫換鞋履。不可淨鞋入廁。

> Remove your shoes and change into slippers. Do not enter the restroom wearing clean shoes.

須脫鞋換屐。若鞋曾經入廁。踐僧淨地。及入堂殿。獲報非輕。罪如經說。古云。衩袒登溷。草履遊山。莫踐法堂。回互耆舊。

> You must remove your shoes and change into slippers. If shoes that have been worn into the latrine tread upon the pure ground of the monastic quarters or enter the halls and shrines, the karmic retribution is not light. The offense is as described in the scriptures. As the ancients said: "Do not enter the latrine with your robes hitched up, nor wander the mountains in straw sandals. Do not tread upon the Dharma hall; show deference to the venerable elders."

至。當三彈指。使內人知。不得迫促內人使出。

> When you arrive, tap three times to let those inside know. Do not rush or pressure them to come out.

三彈指。內人不出。自當待之。或過餘廁。

> Three times he snapped his fingers. The lady inside did not come out. He decided to wait for her himself. Perhaps she had gone to another restroom.

已上。復當三彈指。默念云。大小便時。當願眾生。棄貪瞋癡。蠲除罪法。

> After finishing, tap your fingers three times and silently recite: "When relieving myself, May all beings Abandon greed, anger, and delusion, And cleanse themselves of sinful ways."

已上。登上廁也。今此三彈指。是警覺廁中㗖不淨鬼等。無致觸忤。彼此兩損。譬喻經云。有一沙門不彈指小便。濺中廁中鬼面。鬼大瞋。欲殺沙門。沙門持戒。鬼不得便。

> Thus far. Ascending to the latrine. Now, these three finger-snaps are to alert the ghosts feeding on impurities within the latrine, so as not to cause offense or mutual harm. The Sutra of Parables states: There was a monk who did not snap his fingers before urinating, splashing the face of a ghost in the latrine. The ghost became greatly enraged and wished to kill the monk. However, the monk upheld the precepts, and the ghost could not find an opportunity.

不得低頭視下。

> Do not lower your gaze to look down.

視下。或令不淨心生也。若人後至。須彈指令覺。

> Look down. Do not let impure thoughts arise. If someone arrives later, snap your fingers to alert them.

不得持草畫地。

> Do not draw lines on the ground with a blade of grass.

不攝正念。故畫地畫壁。

> Not maintaining proper mindfulness, they draw on the ground and walls.

不得努氣作聲。

> Do not force your breath to make a sound.

一自失儀。二動他念。

> First, you lose your composure. Second, you stir distracting thoughts in others.

不得隔壁共人說話。

> Do not eavesdrop on conversations from next door.

文殊經云。大小便時。身口及木石。不得作聲。

> According to the Manjushri Sutra: When relieving oneself, one should not make noise with the body, mouth, or with wood or stones.

不得唾壁。

> Do not spit on the walls.

一恐誤觸非人。二令人心生厭惡。亦不得污廁兩緣。

> First, to avoid accidentally disturbing non-human beings. Second, to prevent causing disgust in others. Also, one should not defecate for two reasons.

逢人不得作禮。宜側身避之。

> When meeting others, do not bow in greeting. Instead, step aside to make way.

一身儀不恭。二處非禮所。

> First, one's appearance is not respectful. Second, one is in an inappropriate place.

不得沿路行繫衣帶。

> Do not walk along the road while tying your robe.

餘時脫衣繫帶。尚不得沿路。況入廁乎。

> At that time, even taking off your robe and tying your belt could not be done along the roadside—how much less entering the latrine?

便畢。當淨澡手。未澡。不得持物。

> After finishing, you must wash your hands thoroughly. Do not handle anything before washing them.

今言澡手。不言洗淨者。略也。先須取瓶添水令滿。安洗淨處。如無另洗淨處。可持入廁。便訖。先以物拭。後用水洗。以左手無名指小指。揩洗令淨。拳其左手。右手抽衣。開戶。提瓶而出。至洗手處。用灰。或土。先洗左手七度。次兩手俱洗七度。留少水洗瓶內外。還置本處。歸房以淨水再三潄口。便事乃畢。詳載大律。凡為師者。當如法教授。佛言。如是洗淨。有大利益。凡為出家。歸依於我。以我為師者。咸應洗淨。若不如法洗淨者。不應遶塔行道。不合禮佛誦經。自不禮他。亦不受他禮。不應㗖食。不坐僧牀。不得入眾。所持呪法。皆無效驗。若作齋供。書經。造像。得福寡薄。汝等皆當依我言教。無得自欺。作不淨業。懈怠放逸。為下品行。當墮惡道。云云。今時縱有洗者。全不依法。反成穢污。為師不教弟子。兩皆招罪。俱墮三途。如佛所說。可不慎哉。

> Now, when we say "washing hands," it's a shorthand for the full purification ritual. First, take a water vessel, fill it to the brim, and place it in the designated purification area. If there is no separate purification area, you may bring it into the latrine. After finishing, first wipe with a cloth, then wash with water. Using the ring finger and little finger of your left hand, scrub until clean. Make a fist with your left hand, use your right hand to adjust your robe, open the door, and carry the vessel out. Proceed to the hand-washing area. Use ash or earth to wash the left hand seven times, then wash both hands together seven times. Leave a little water to rinse the inside and outside of the vessel, then return it to its original place. Return to your room and rinse your mouth thoroughly with clean water. Only then is the ritual complete. The details are recorded in the Vinaya. All teachers should instruct properly in this manner. The Buddha said: "Such purification brings great benefits. All who leave home, take refuge in me, and regard me as their teacher should perform this purification. Those who do not purify themselves properly should not circumambulate stupas or walk the path, should not pay homage to the Buddha or recite sutras, should not pay respects to others nor accept respects from others, should not partake of food, should not sit on monastic seats, and should not join the assembly. Any mantras or dharma practices they undertake will be ineffective. If they make offerings, copy sutras, or create Buddha images, the merit gained will be meager. You should all follow my teachings and not deceive yourselves by engaging in impure actions, laziness, or negligence, thereby descending into inferior conduct and falling into the evil realms." Nowadays, even if some perform the washing, they often do not follow the proper method, resulting in impurity instead. If teachers fail to instruct their disciples, both incur offenses and fall into the three lower realms. As the Buddha taught, should we not be cautious?

洗手默念云。以水盥掌。當願眾生。得清淨手。受持佛法。唵。主迦囉耶娑訶。

> As I wash my hands, I silently recite: With water cleansing my palms, I vow that all beings May have pure hands To receive and uphold the Dharma. Oṃ cūḍākāra ya svāhā.

上偈念一遍。下呪當念七遍。其入廁洗淨去穢。各各有呪。詳如餘處。清規云。按大藏纓絡經云。夫登溷者。不念此呪。假使十恒河水。洗至金剛際。亦不能淨。律中小遺。亦洗之。然後以土。洗手一二度。

> Recite the upper verse once. The lower mantra should be recited seven times. When entering the toilet to wash and remove impurity, each action has its own mantra, as detailed elsewhere. The Pure Regulations state: According to the Great Treasury Garland Sutra, one who enters the latrine without reciting this mantra—even if washed with the waters of ten Ganges rivers down to the diamond base—cannot be purified. In the Vinaya, even for minor urination, one washes afterward, then cleanses the hands once or twice with earth.

附　若小解。要須收起衣袖。又不可著褊衫小解。

> When urinating, you must pull up your sleeves. Also, do not urinate while wearing a short robe.

不淨污身污衣。受禮禮他。皆得罪。小解時。須在缸邊。不得向缸中解作聲。及臭氣薰人。褊衫是襯法衣。禮敬之服。故不宜著小便也。偏衫。原非佛制。乃此方所造。昔魏帝請僧入內供養。宮人見僧偏袒右肩。不以為善。遂作偏衫。施綴於左邊覆肩衣上。而覆右肩。因名為偏衫。今隱覆肩衣名。通號兩袖者曰偏衫。如欲作者。須開後縫。截領。方合原式。

> The body and robes should not be soiled with impurities. If one receives a bow or bows to others while unclean, it is an offense. When relieving oneself, one must do so beside the toilet jar, not into the jar, to avoid making noise or producing foul odors that disturb others. The monastic shirt is worn beneath the formal robe as a garment for paying respects, so it should not be worn while urinating. The monastic shirt is not originally prescribed by the Buddha but was created in this region. In the past, Emperor Wei invited monastics into the palace to receive offerings. The palace attendants, seeing the monastics with their right shoulder exposed, considered it improper. Thus, they created the monastic shirt, attaching it to the left side of the shoulder-covering garment to cover the right shoulder as well, hence the name "monastic shirt." Nowadays, the term "shoulder-covering garment" is concealed, and the two-sleeved garment is commonly referred to as the monastic shirt. If one wishes to make it, the back seam must be opened and the collar cut to match the original style.