二時食法第八(六十條)
Chapter 8: Eating at the Proper Time(Sixty Items)
一、聞三下鐘，即須息務，先且出入。二、先用皁莢洗手令淨。三、凡所著裙，不得太高，不得太低，常須齊整，可齊脚踝。四、著七條，當令橫披，共衣領齊，直下臂上半覆肩膊。五、欲把鉢上堂，又須淨手，於巾上拭手令乾，中指夾巾。六、至堂食未了已前，常須護手指面及掌，不得觸，設使堂頭把經，手不勞更洗，但以香淨即得。七、其鉢盂外，三分之中，二分向上為淨，下一分為觸。八、凡把鉢滌蕩，瀉水不得高，當須曲腰低頭瀉水，令鉢去地一側手。九、若令童行過鉢，亦同比丘夾巾之法，不得把巾；令童行捧鉢，過生極多，不能繁述，人多犯此。若單令過鉢，自夾巾彌善。十、待歛鐘聲發，即如法夾巾把鉢，令匙柄向身。十一、把鉢不得太高，不得太低，則當胸。十二、須離尊宿門前，當旁廊柱，不得在廊中心行；又不得喧笑。十三、不得共上座並行，須讓上座向前行。十四、行須直視地七尺。十五、不得急行，當庠序令威儀可觀。十六、初入食堂，隨門頰舉足，出時亦爾。十七、至所坐處，先放巾，次放鉢，後手指夾取鞋履安床下。十八、當抽坐具開張，亦用指夾。十九、禮拜收坐具，即上床坐，不得在地而跪及在地立；必若鐘聲欲斷，乃可且立，不得跪地。二十、凡上床坐待鐘斷，不得留坐具致床前席上。二十一、凡欲上床，不得露脚踝。二十二、坐時不得令內衣出。二十三、入堂未歛鐘聲，禮拜且收坐具上床坐，不得令衣服垂著床緣。二十四、行香時，不得籠手，須出手合掌，不得語笑。二十五、不得輒剩索飲食。二十六、若當次唱禮，須一佛一禮，不得太急太緩，令須得所。二十七、當次作梵，須盡偈讚，不得半梵；人眾少時，亦須盡其偈讚，不得略。二十八、若違僧制，聞白椎聲即下，不得違拒。二十九、當須收攝橫帔，不得坐著袈裟。三十、開食巾邊，指甲不得觸著指面。三十一、敷食巾時，令與床榪緣齊。三十二、椀鉢常須離膝巾，不得安手致膝上。三十三、不得傾鉢中水瀝滴床前。三十四、凡所受食，須令椀鉢離床。三十五、凡所喫食，不得太急，猶如餓人；又須把鉢椀就口；又不得食滿頰邊，如獼猴藏。三十六、凡所受食須仰手。三十七、凡所受食，不得把匙筯於淨人手中自抄撥取。三十八、不得過匙筯與淨人，令於僧食器中取食。三十九、凡欲受食，有疑當作漫心。言漫心者：如早朝受粥，恐淨人錯唱，當作念一切粥皆受。餘一切食皆受類然。四十、凡欲受食，若作克心受，得食了心境相違，食不成受。更須重受，方乃得成。言克心者，如受豉粥，受了乃是豆粥，名心境相違。四十一、凡欲受食，淨人抖擻餅屑及以菜汁等，迸落椀器中，必須更受。四十二、凡欲出生粥，不得令淨匙拄著淨人出生器中；若著處，即須更受匙。四十三、凡所受食，量喫多少，不得有餘。四十四、凡欲喫食，不得大攪，及歠欱作聲。四十五、凡所出生，餅當如一半錢大，飯不過其七粒；自餘飯食，亦不得多。四十六、凡所出生食，須事事如法。四十七、出生食，不得將所棄惡食物致生中。四十八、凡出生法，須安床邊淺處，令淨人掠取。不得自用手拈，意在護手。四十九、不得用匙筯刮鉢椀作聲，當用湯水滌蕩取，即不損鉢光；若損鉢光，鉢即受膩難洗。五十、不得大張口滿匙抄飯令遺落鉢中，及在匙上狼籍；又上座不應先食。五十一、凡一口之飯，須匙頭三抄食，令匙頭直入口。五十二、不得遺落醬汁、飯粒等落在巾上而食。五十三、不得安致食巾上而食。五十四、若有食遺落食巾上，不得取食，當押聚安一處，付與淨人。五十五、飯中有穀，去皮食之。五十六、鉢椀中若有餘殘，不得將歸房院。五十七、常住一食已外，將歸院須倍備之。五十八、所食須生慚愧，常作觀法。五十九、須知喫粥有十利，具如偈中明之。六十、須識施食五常：一、色，二、力，三、壽命，四、安樂，五、無礙辯。
The following are the rules of conduct for a Buddhist monk during meal time, presented as a direct, accessible translation for the general public.
First, when you hear the bell ring three times, stop all activities and go out. Second, use soapberry to wash your hands until they are clean. Third, when wearing your skirt, make sure it is not too high or too low, but always neat and orderly, reaching your ankles. Fourth, wear your seven-piece robe so it drapes across your chest like a shawl, level with your collar, covering your arms from the shoulder down. Fifth, before picking up your bowl to enter the hall, wash your hands again and dry them with a cloth, holding the cloth between your middle fingers. Sixth, during the meal, keep your hands, face, and palms clean; do not touch anything. If you need to hold a sutra at the head of the hall, you don't need to wash your hands again—being fragrant and clean is enough. Seventh, when holding your bowl, consider two-thirds of it the clean part and the lower third the unclean part. Eighth, when washing or rinsing your bowl, pour water out gently, bending over and lowering your head, keeping the bowl at a hand's width from the ground. Ninth, if a novice passes you your bowl, he should also hold it with a cloth between his fingers; do not just give him the cloth. Have the novice hold the bowl, but there are many faults here I cannot list them all; most people break this rule. If he only hands you the bowl and you already have your cloth, that is much better. Tenth, when you hear the final bell sound to begin the meal, hold your bowl properly with the cloth, with the spoon handle facing you. Eleventh, hold your bowl not too high and not too low, but level with your chest. Twelfth, walk away from the doors of senior monks, staying near the corridor pillars, not in the middle of the corridor. Also, do not laugh or talk loudly. Thirteenth, do not walk side-by-side with a senior monk; let him go ahead. Fourteenth, walk looking straight down at the ground seven feet ahead. Fifteenth, do not walk too quickly; move with dignity so your appearance is respectable. Sixteenth, when entering the dining hall, step over the threshold with the foot nearest to the door; do the same when leaving. Seventeenth, at your seat, first put down your cloth, then your bowl, then use your fingers to hold your shoes and place them under the meditation seat. Eighteenth, when pulling out your sitting mat to spread it, use your fingers to hold it. Nineteenth, bow, fold your sitting mat, and then sit on the meditation seat; do not kneel or stand on the ground. If the bell is about to stop, you may stand, but do not kneel. Twentieth, when sitting on the meditation seat, wait for the bell to stop, and do not keep your sitting mat placed on the mat in front of the seat. Twenty-first, when getting on the meditation seat, do not expose your ankles. Twenty-second, when sitting, do not let your under-robes show. Twenty-third, if the bell is still ringing as you enter the hall, bow, fold your mat, and sit on the seat; do not let your robes hang over the front edge of the seat. Twenty-fourth, during the incense offering procession, do not cup your hands; keep your palms together. Do not talk or laugh. Twenty-fifth, do not ask for extra food or drink. Twenty-sixth, when it is your turn to recite the Buddha's name with prostrations, do one prostration for each name; do not go too fast or too slow, but do it properly. Twenty-seventh, when it is your turn to chant, recite the entire hymn; do not stop in the middle. Even if the group is small, you must recite the full hymn; do not abbreviate it. Twenty-eighth, if you break a monastic rule, leave when you hear the signal; do not resist. Twenty-ninth, keep your outer robe properly draped; do not sit on your kirin-monk's robe. Thirtieth, when opening your eating cloth, do not let your fingernails touch the surface meant to be clean. Thirty-first, when laying out your eating cloth, align it with the edge of the meditation seat. Thirty-second, your bowl plates should always be kept away from the cloth over your knees; do not rest your hands on your knees. Thirty-third, do not drip water from your bowl onto the floor in front of your seat. Thirty-fourth, when receiving food, keep your bowl and plates raised off the seat. Thirty-fifth, do not eat too quickly, like a starving person. Hold your bowl or plate up to your mouth. Do not stuff your cheeks full like a monkey hiding food. Thirty-sixth, when receiving food, present your hand palm-up. Thirty-seventh, when receiving food, do not use your own spoon or chopsticks to scoop or pick from the server's hand. Thirty-eighth, do not hand your spoon or chopsticks to the server to take food from the communal pot. Thirty-ninth, when about to receive food, if you have any doubt, adopt an "open mind" (manxin). "Open mind" means: for example, if you are receiving porridge at breakfast and are worried the server might announce the wrong dish, mentally decide you will receive any kind of porridge. Apply this same open-minded acceptance to all foods. Fortieth, when about to receive food, if you have a "fixed mind" (kexin), and the food you receive does not match that fixed expectation, the offering is not validly received. You must receive it again. "Fixed mind" means: for example, you decide you are receiving bean porridge, but what is actually given is pea porridge. The mind and the situation do not match. Forty-first, when about to receive food, if the server shakes crumbs or gravy from the cloth and they fall into your bowl, you must receive the food again. Forty-second, when offering food for leaving (chusheng), do not let the clean spoon rest on the server's offering vessel. If it does touch, you must receive a new spoon. Forty-third, gauge how much you will eat; do not take food you cannot finish. Forty-fourth, when eating, do not stir your food vigorously or slurp noisily. Forty-fifth, when offering food for leaving, a slice of cake should be the size of half a coin; cooked rice should be no more than seven grains. Do not offer other types of food in large quantities. Forty-sixth, every item in the food-leaving ritual must be done correctly. Forty-seventh, do not add spoiled or discarded food to the offering for leaving. Forty-eighth, for the food-leaving ritual, place the offering in a shallow spot near the seat so the server can brush it away; do not touch it with your own hands—this is to protect your hands' cleanliness. Forty-ninth, do not scrape your bowl with your spoon or chopsticks; use hot water to rinse it, which will not damage the glaze. A damaged glaze will allow grease to soak in and make the bowl hard to clean. Fiftieth, do not take huge mouthfuls, shoveling food with your spoon so it falls into the bowl or scatters off the spoon. The senior monk should not begin eating first. Fifty-first, each mouthful of food should be eaten in three spoon-tips' worth, with the spoon tip entering your mouth straight. Fifty-second, do not let sauce or grains of rice fall onto your eating cloth. Fifty-third, do not take food that has fallen onto your eating cloth. Fifty-fourth, if you find food on your eating cloth, do not eat it; gather it into a pile and give it to the server. Fifty-fifth, if you find grain husks in your rice, peel them off before eating. Fifty-sixth, if there is leftover food in your bowl, do not take it back to your room. Fifty-seventh, if you take any food from the temple's storehouse after the single daily meal, you must repay it twofold. Fifty-eighth, eat with a sense of humility and constantly practice mindful contemplation. Fifty-ninth, know that eating porridge has ten benefits, as explained in the verses. Sixtieth, recognize the five constant benefits of receiving food: 1. Good complexion, 2. Strength, 3. Long life, 4. Ease and happiness, 5. Unhindered eloquence.