---
title: "洛陽伽藍記校注 · 龍華寺"
description: "洛阳伽蓝记是北魏杨衒之撰写的佛教历史地理著作，由范祥雍校注。该书成书于东魏武定年间，主要记述北魏都城洛阳佛寺的兴衰景象，反映了佛教在北魏时期的繁荣状况。书中详细记载了洛阳城内外的寺庙布局、建筑规模及宗教活动，同时涉及政治、经济和社会变迁，具有极高的史料价值。作为中国佛教史和古代城市研究的重要典籍，它不仅是研究北朝佛教传播与寺院经济的关键文献，也是了解中原文化变迁的珍贵遗产。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmex95d270br1l404mg2kz1kt"
---

勸學里東有延賢里，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本自勸學里下別為一則，另起行，頂格。里內有正覺寺，說郛作「王覺寺」，疑誤。尚書令王肅所立也。肅字公懿，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本公作恭。太平廣記四百九十三及魏書本傳亦作恭。琅琊人也。【校】綠君亭本無也字。偽齊雍州刺史奐之子也。贍學多通，才辭美茂，為齊祕書丞。太和十八年，背逆歸順。時高祖新營洛邑，多【校】按廣記多作凡。元河南志亦作凡。所造制《論》，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、綠君亭本、真意堂本皆無論字。綠君亭本、真意堂本制作製。吳集證本無造字。按廣記、元河南志亦無論字。此論字當衍。肅博識舊事，大有裨益。高祖甚重之，常呼【校】廣記呼下有曰字。王生。延賢之名，因【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本無因字。肅立之。肅在江南之日，聘謝氏女為妻。及至京師，復尚公主。〈其後謝氏入道為尼，亦來奔肅。見肅尚主〉，【校】各本皆無。廣記有此十六字，與下文相應，有之當是，今據補。謝作五言詩以贈之。其詩曰：「本為箔【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本箔作簿。上蠶，今【校】綠君亭本注云：「一作無。」作機上絲。得路逐勝去，頗憶【校】廣記憶作意。纏綿【校】綠君亭本注云：「一作絲。」時。」公主代肅答謝云：「針【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、吳集證本作鍼，同。是貫線【校】吳琯本、漢魏本線作綿。吳集證本作錦。物，目【校】吳集證本作自。中恆任絲。得帛縫新去，何能衲【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本衲作納。廣記亦作納。故時。」肅甚〈有〉【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本、吳集證本甚下有有字。綠君亭本注云：「一本多有字。」今補。愧謝之色，【校】綠君亭本無色字，注云：「一本多色字。」按廣記此句作「肅甚悵悵。」遂造正覺寺以憩之。肅憶父非理受禍，常有子胥報楚之意。卑【校】各本卑作畢。吳集證本作卑，與此同。身素服，不聽樂，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、綠君亭本、真意堂本樂上有音字。時人以此稱之。肅初入國，不食羊肉及酪漿【校】太平御覽九百三十七引無漿字。等物，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本無物字。御覽亦無物字。常飯鯽魚羹，渴飲茗汁。京師士子，道【校】各本道作見。吳集證本作道，與此同。肅一飲一斗，號為「漏巵」。經數年已後，肅與高祖殿會，食羊肉酪粥甚多。高祖怪之，謂肅曰：「卿【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本卿作即。中國之味也。羊肉何如魚羹？茗飲何如酪漿？」【校】吳琯本、漢魏本此二句作「羊肉何如，魚羹何如，茗飲酪漿何如？」按曾慥類說六作「羊肉何如魚羹，茗飲何如酪漿？」與此相同。肅對曰：「羊者是陸產之最，魚者乃【校】吳琯本、漢魏本乃作是。水族【校】綠君亭本族譌作旌。按類說亦作族。之長。所好不同，並各稱珍。以味言之，甚是【校】吳琯本、漢魏本甚是作是有。真意堂本是作有。優劣。羊比齊、魯大邦，魚比邾、莒小國。唯茗不中，與酪作奴。」【校】類說作「酪不中，與茗作奴」。酪茗二字互譌。高祖大笑，因舉酒【校】按類說作舉巵。太平廣記一百七十四作「因舉巵，屬羣臣及親王等酒」曰：「三三橫，兩兩縱，【校】類說縱作從。誰能辨之賜金鍾。」御史中丞（尉）【校】廣記、類說丞作尉。按魏書彪傳作御史中尉。御史中丞後魏時為御史中尉見通典二十四；秩為從三品，見魏書官氏志，則此文作尉為是，今正。李彪曰：「沽酒老嫗瓮【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本瓮作甕。廣記亦作甕。注𤬪（瓨），【校】吳集證云：「𤬪當是瓨字之誤。說文：瓨，罌長頸，受十升。讀若洪，從瓦，工聲。此與上下句韻協也。」按類說作󵛭，當亦是瓨字，左傍工字尚未誤，吳說是也，今據正。屠兒割肉與秤【校】廣記作稱。同。」尚書右【校】按廣記右作左。類說尚書右丞作左右。丞甄琛曰：「吳人浮水自云工，妓【校】廣記妓作技。兒擲絕（繩）【校】各本絕作繩。吳集證云：「絕當從各本作繩。」按類說亦作繩，今從之。廣記作袖。在虛空。」彭城王勰曰：「臣始【校】廣記始作思。解此字【校】吳琯本、漢魏本無字字。是習字。」高祖即以金鍾賜彪。朝廷服彪聰明有智，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本智作知。廣記亦作知，同。甄琛和之亦速。彭城王謂肅曰：「卿不重齊魯大邦，而愛邾莒小國。」【校】案錦繡萬花谷三十五引愛作好，小作少。肅對曰：「鄉曲所美，不得不好。」彭城王重謂曰：【校】太平御覽八百六十七此句作「勰復謂曰。」「卿明日顧我，為卿設邾莒之食，【校】御覽、萬花谷食作飧。亦有酪奴。」【校】萬花谷酪作茗。因此復號茗飲為酪奴。【校】萬花谷酪作茗。時給事中劉縞【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本縞作鎬。下同。案御覽引作縞，與此同。慕肅之風，專習茗飲，彭城王謂縞曰：「卿不慕王侯八珍，好蒼頭水厄。海上有逐臭【校】吳琯本、漢魏本臭作臰。御覽亦作臰。臰是臭之俗字。之夫，里內有學顰之婦，以卿言之，即是也。」【校】御覽無即字。其彭城王家有吳奴，以此言戲之。自是朝貴讌【校】吳琯本、漢魏本讌作燕，同。會，雖設茗飲，皆恥不復食，唯【校】御覽唯作雖。江表殘民遠來降者好之。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本好之作「飲焉」。御覽引作「好之」，與此同。後蕭衍子西豐侯蕭正德歸降時，【校】御覽時字作「侍中」二字。元义【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本义作義。照曠閣本、吳集證本作乂。按御覽作义。與此同。下同。欲為之【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本無之字。設茗，先問：「卿於水厄多少？」正德不曉义意，答曰：【校】御覽無曰字。「下官【校】吳琯本、漢魏本官下有雖字。御覽亦有雖字。生於【校】御覽無於字。水鄉，而【校】御覽無而字。立身以來，未遭陽侯之難。」元义與舉坐之客皆【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本皆作大。笑焉。【校】御覽此句作「舉坐笑焉」。

> East of the Village of Encouraging Learning is the Village of Welcoming Worthies. Within this village stands the Zhengjue Temple, founded by Wang Su, President of the Imperial Secretariat. Wang Su, courtesy name Gongyi, was a man of Langya. He was the son of Wang Huan, Inspector of Yongzhou under the illegitimate Qi dynasty. A man of wide learning and great intelligence, with outstanding literary talent, he served as Secretary of the Palace Library under the Qi. In the eighteenth year of Taihe, he turned his back on the illegitimate regime and came over to our side. At that time, Emperor Gaozu had newly established the capital at Luoyang and had issued many decrees and treatises. Wang Su was deeply versed in the affairs of former times and was of great service. Emperor Gaozu thought highly of him and used to call him "Master Wang." It was because of Wang Su that the village got its name of Welcoming Worthies. While Wang Su was still in the south, he had taken a woman of the Xie family as his wife. After he arrived at the capital, he married a princess. Later the woman of the Xie family entered religious life as a nun and also came to join Wang Su. She composed a five-character poem to present to him. The poem reads: "I was once a silkworm on the tray, Now I am silk on the loom. Having found my way, I follow the victor, Do you still remember the time of entanglement?" The princess replied on Wang Su's behalf: "The needle is what threads the silk, Its eye always holds the thread. When new cloth comes to be sewn, How can it patch the old?" Wang Su looked greatly ashamed, and so he built the Zhengjue Temple as a place of repose. Wang Su remembered that his father had suffered calamity through injustice, and he always harbored the resolve of Wu Zixu to take vengeance upon Chu. He humbled himself, wore plain clothing, and did not listen to music. People of the time praised him for this. When Wang Su first entered the realm, he did not eat mutton or drink kumiss or similar things. He habitually ate crucian carp soup with his rice and drank tea when thirsty. The scholars of the capital said that Wang Su could drink a full peck at one sitting and nicknamed him "the Leaky Vessel." After several years had passed, Wang Su attended a palace gathering with Emperor Gaozu and ate a great deal of mutton and kumiss porridge. Emperor Gaozu found this strange and said to Wang Su: "These are the flavors of China. How does mutton compare with fish soup? How does tea compare with kumiss?" Wang Su replied: "Mutton is the finest of land products, while fish is the chief of the water tribe. What one prefers differs, and each is esteemed in its own way. In terms of flavor, there is indeed a difference in quality. Mutton may be compared to the great states of Qi and Lu; fish may be compared to the small states of Zhu and Ju. Only tea is unfit, and serves as a slave to kumiss." Emperor Gaozu laughed heartily and then raised his cup and said: "Three and three crosswise, two and two lengthwise—whoever can solve this riddle shall be granted a golden bell." Li Biao, Censor-in-Chief, said: "An old woman selling wine pours from a jar—the butcher's cutting of meat is like the scale's balance." Zhen Chen, Right Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs, said: "The men of Wu float on water and call themselves skilled; a performer tosses a rope into empty space." The Prince of Pengcheng, Xie, said: "I now understand—this character is 'xi' (to practice)." Emperor Gaozu then awarded the golden bell to Li Biao. The court admired Li Biao for his intelligence and wit, and Zhen Chen for his quick matching of the rhyme. The Prince of Pengcheng said to Wang Su: "You do not value the great states of Qi and Lu, but rather love the small states of Zhu and Ju." Wang Su replied: "What one's home region prizes, one cannot help but love." The Prince of Pengcheng said again: "Come visit me tomorrow, and I shall prepare for you a meal of Zhu and Ju—there will also be kumiss slave." Because of this, tea came to be called "kumiss slave." At that time, Liu Gao, Supervising Secretary, admired Wang Su's manner and devoted himself to drinking tea. The Prince of Pengcheng said to Liu Gao: "You do not admire the eight delicacies of lords and princes, but rather love the 'water calamity' of the common folk. There is a man on the sea who chases after bad smells, and in the village there is a woman who imitates a frown—speaking of you, that is exactly it." The Prince of Pengcheng's household had a Wu slave, and he used these words to tease him. From then on, when the nobles of the court gathered for banquets, even if tea was served, they were all ashamed and would not drink it—only the surviving folk of Jiangnan who had come far to surrender still enjoyed it. Later, when Xiao Zhengde, Marquis of Xifeng and son of Xiao Yan, came to surrender, Yuan Ai wanted to serve him tea and first asked: "How much 'water calamity' can you handle?" Zhengde did not understand Yuan Ai's meaning and answered: "This humble official was born in a water country, yet since taking my place in the world, I have never suffered the calamity of the waves." Yuan Ai and all the guests seated with him burst out laughing.