---
title: "洛陽伽藍記校注 · 宣陽門"
description: "洛阳伽蓝记是北魏杨衒之撰写的佛教历史地理著作，由范祥雍校注。该书成书于东魏武定年间，主要记述北魏都城洛阳佛寺的兴衰景象，反映了佛教在北魏时期的繁荣状况。书中详细记载了洛阳城内外的寺庙布局、建筑规模及宗教活动，同时涉及政治、经济和社会变迁，具有极高的史料价值。作为中国佛教史和古代城市研究的重要典籍，它不仅是研究北朝佛教传播与寺院经济的关键文献，也是了解中原文化变迁的珍贵遗产。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmex95d270br2l404zzu9r1ra"
---

龍華寺，廣陵王所立也；追聖寺，北海王所立也。並在報恩（德）寺【校】各本恩字皆作德。按此承上報德寺而言，德字是，今據正。之東。法事僧房，比秦太上公。京師寺皆種雜果，而此三【校】綠君亭本三作二。按三寺謂龍華、追聖、報德。寺，園林茂盛，莫之與【校】吳琯本、漢魏本之與作「與之」。爭。宣陽門外四里【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本此條連屬上文，不別起。至洛水上作浮橋，所謂永橋也。神龜中，常景為汭頌。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本汭頌作「勒銘」。真意堂本汭作勒。案元河南志三云：「常景為銘。」嚴可均全後魏文三十二載此文，題為洛橋銘，則所據本當亦作勒銘。其辭曰：「浩浩大川，决决（泱泱）【校】綠君亭本决决作決決。吳集證本作泱泱。按全後魏文作泱泱。泱泱本詩小雅，見注。决字義不合，吳集證本是也，今從正。清洛，導源熊耳，控流巨壑。納穀吐伊，貫周淹亳，近達河宗，遠朝海若。兆維洛食，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本兆作非。實同（曰）【校】吳琯本、漢魏本同作曰。吳集證云：「當從何本作曰。」案全後魏文亦作曰。今正。土中。上應【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本應作映。張、柳，下據河、嵩，寒暑攸叶，日月載融。帝世光宅，□函〈夏〉下（同）風。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本此句作「函夏□風」。吳集證本作「□夏下風」。唐鈎沈本、張合校本作「函夏同風」。按全後魏文作「函夏同風」。當是，說見注，今從之。前臨少室，却負太行，制巖東邑，峭【校】按峭字義不合，疑是崤之誤，說見注。峘西疆。四險【校】吳琯本、漢魏本險譌作驗。全後魏文作嶮。之地，六達之莊，恃德則固，失道則亡。詳觀古列（昔），【校】吳琯本、漢魏本古譌作右，下空一格。案全後魏文列作昔。古列無義，今據正。吳集證據續古文苑引作古昔，唐鈎沈本與張合校本作古昔。當即據之。考【校】吳琯本、漢魏本考作列。全後魏文亦作列。見邱、墳，乃禪乃革，或質或文。周餘九列，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本列作裂。全後魏文亦作裂。列與裂聲同相通。漢季三分，魏風衰晚，晉景雕曛。天地發揮，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本揮作輝。全後魏文亦作輝。圖書受命，皇建有極，神功無競。魏籙仰天，玄符握鏡，璽運會昌，龍圖受命。乃睠書軌，永懷寶定。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本、吳集證本寶作保。全後魏文亦作保。寶保古相通。敷茲景跡，流美洪謨。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本、吳集證本謨作模。全後魏文亦作模。模謨古通。襲我冠冕，正我神樞。水陸兼會，周、鄭交衢。爰勒洛汭，敢告中區。」南北兩岸有華表，舉高二十丈。華表上作鳳凰，似欲沖天勢。

> Longhua Temple was built by the Prince of Guangling, and Zhuisheng Temple was built by the Prince of Beihai. Both stand east of Bao'en Temple. Their ritual halls and monks' quarters rival those of Qin Tai Shang Gong. Temples in the capital all plant various fruit trees, but these three temples have the most flourishing gardens—none can compete with them. Four li outside Xuan yang Gate, a floating bridge spans the Luo River—the so-called Yong Bridge. During the Shen Gui era, Chang Jing composed a eulogy for the river's bend. Its words read: "Vast and mighty, the clear Luo flows, its source in the Xiong'er Mountains, its waters controlled through great ravines. It receives the Gu and releases the Yi, threading through Zhou and soaking Bo, reaching the River Lord nearby, and far off paying homage to the Sea God. The omens favored Luo for the capital, truly at the center of the land. Above it corresponds to Zhang and Liu, below it rests on the River and Song, cold and heat in harmony, sun and moon in fusion. The imperial generations dwell in light, all under heaven sharing one wind. Before it lies Shaoshi, behind it rises Taihang, commanding the eastern towns, guarding the western frontiers. A land of fourfold defenses, a crossroads of six directions—strong through virtue, doomed through loss of the Way. Carefully observing the ancient past, examining the Mounds and Tombs, whether abdication or revolution, whether plain or ornate. Zhou left nine divisions, Han split into three at its end, Wei's wind declined in its late years, Jin's glory faded in dusk. Heaven and Earth unfolded, the charts and writings received their mandate, the sovereign established the norm, divine merit without rival. Wei's register looked to Heaven, the dark tally grasped the mirror, the seal's fortune met prosperity, the dragon chart received the mandate. Then he turned his attention to writing and measure, forever cherishing precious stability. Spreading these bright traces, flowing beauty in grand design. Inheriting our caps and robes, setting right our divine pivot. Water and land both converge, Zhou and Zheng meet at the crossroads. Here we carve at the Luo's bend, daring to announce to the central realm." On both the north and south banks stand huabiao pillars, rising twenty zhang high. On top of each huabiao is a phoenix, appearing as if about to soar into the sky.

永橋以南，圜【校】吳琯本、漢魏本圜作圓。元河南志三作員。圜、圓、員三字相通。丘以北，伊、洛之間，夾御道有四夷館。道東有四館。〈一名金陵，二名燕然，三名扶桑，四名崦嵫。道西有四館（里）〉：【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、綠君亭本、真意堂本皆有此二十一字。吳集證云：「案歸正等皆里名也，不得言館。按綱目：魏於洛水橋南御道東作金陵、燕然、扶桑、崦嵫四館；道西立歸正、歸德、慕化、慕義四里，以處四方降者。則此當從各本作『道東有四館：一名金陵、二名燕然、三名扶桑、四名崦嵫。道西有四館：一曰歸正，二曰歸德、三曰慕化，四曰慕義。』道西有四館之館當作里。」按元河南志三亦作「夾道東有四夷館：一曰金陵、二曰燕然、三曰扶桑、四曰崦嵫。西有四夷里：一曰歸正、二曰歸德、三曰慕化、四曰慕義。」則四館下，當有此二十一字，吳說是也，今據各本補。道西有四館之館字，吳謂當作里，河南志正作里，今據改正。一曰歸正，二曰歸德，三曰慕化，四曰慕義。吳人投國者處金陵館，三年已後，賜宅歸正里。景明初，偽齊建安王【校】吳琯本、漢魏本脫王字。蕭寶寅【校】吳琯本、漢魏本寅作夤。下同。來降，封會稽公，為築宅於歸正里。後進爵為齊王，尚南陽長公主。寶寅恥與夷人同□〈列〉【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、綠君亭本、真意堂本空格作列。元河南志亦作列，今據補。令公主啟世宗，求入城內。世宗從之，賜宅於永安里。正光四年中，蕭衍子西豐侯蕭正德來降，處金陵館，為築宅歸正里，正德捨宅為歸正寺。北夷來附者處燕然館，三年已後，賜宅歸德里。正光元年，【校】吳琯本脫光字。漢魏本、真意堂本無元字。按元河南志作「正光中」。□□〈蠕蠕〉至（主）都（郁）久閭阿郍󱤃【校】吳琯本、漢魏本上空格作芮字，芮下亦空一格。至都作主郁，郍作那，󱤃作肱。綠君亭本、真意堂本二空格作蠕蠕，至都作主郁。注云：「史作環，下同。」吳集證云：「案蠕蠕，國名也。郁久閭三字，姓也。阿那肱三字，名也。當作蠕蠕主郁久閭阿那肱來朝。案魏書肅宗紀阿那肱作阿那瓖。」案元河南志亦作北夷郁久閭阿郍肱，魏書蠕蠕傳云：「姓郁久閭氏」，吳說是也，今補正。郍󱤃即那肱。來朝，執事者莫知所處。中書舍人常景議云：「咸寧中，單于來朝，晉世處之王公特進之【校】吳琯本、漢魏本無之字。下，可班郍󱤃蕃王、儀同之間。」朝廷從其議，又處之燕然館，賜宅歸德里。北夷酋長【校】類說六作「北酋夷長」，誤。遣子入侍者，常秋來春去，避中國之熱，時人謂之鴈臣。【校】類說作「號曰鴈臣」。東夷來附者處扶桑館，賜宅慕化里。西夷來附者處【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本處下有之字。崦嵫館，賜宅慕義里。自葱嶺已西，至於大秦，百國千城，莫不歡【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本歡作欵。附，商胡販客，日奔塞下，所謂【校】吳琯本、漢魏本無謂字。盡天地之區已。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本已作矣。樂中國土風，因而宅者，不可勝數。是以附化之民，萬有餘家。門巷修整，閶闔填列，青槐蔭陌，綠樹【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、綠君亭本、真意堂本樹作柳。垂庭，天下難得之貨，咸悉在焉。別立市於樂（洛）水南，【校】各本樂作洛。吳集證云：「當從各本作洛。」案元河南志亦作洛，今正。號曰四通市，民間謂【校】吳琯本、漢魏本謂作為。永橋市。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本市譌作寺。伊、洛之魚，多於此賣，士庶須膾，皆詣取之。魚味甚美，京師語曰：「洛鯉伊魴，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本此句作「伊洛鯉魴」。太平御覽九百三十六與元河南志亦作「伊洛鯉魴」。貴於牛【校】御覽牛作元，當誤。羊。」

> South of the Yong Bridge and north of the round mound, in the area between the Yi and Luo rivers, four lodges for foreign peoples lined the imperial highway. On the east side of the road were four lodges: one named Jinling, the second Yanran, the third Fusang, and the fourth Yanzi. On the west side of the road were four neighborhoods: the first called Guizheng, the second Guide, the third Muhua, and the fourth Muyi. People from Wu who came to submit to the realm were housed in the Jinling Lodge. After three years, they were granted residences in Guizheng Neighborhood. In the early Jingming era, Xiao Baoyin, the Prince of Jian'an of the false Qi dynasty, came to surrender. He was enfeoffed as Duke of Kuaiji, and a residence was built for him in Guizheng Neighborhood. Later he was promoted in rank to Prince of Qi and married the Princess of Nanyang. Baoyin was ashamed to be ranked alongside foreigners, so he had the princess petition Emperor Shizong, requesting to move inside the city walls. Shizong agreed and granted him a residence in Yong'an Neighborhood. In the fourth year of Zhengguang, Xiao Zhengde, the Marquis of Xifeng and son of Xiao Yan, came to surrender. He was housed in the Jinling Lodge, and a residence was built for him in Guizheng Neighborhood. Zhengde donated his residence to become the Guizheng Temple. Northern foreigners who came to submit were housed in the Yanran Lodge. After three years, they were granted residences in Guide Neighborhood. In the first year of Zhengguang, the Rouran ruler Yujiulü Anagui came to pay homage at court, and the officials did not know where to place him. The Secretariat Drafter Chang Jing advised: "In the Xianning era, when the Chanyu came to court, the Jin dynasty placed him below the nobles of the rank of Special Advancement. He could be ranked between the Rouran princes and the Imperial Equals." The court followed his advice, housed him in the Yanran Lodge, and granted him a residence in Guide Neighborhood. When northern foreign chieftains sent their sons to serve at court, they customarily came in autumn and left in spring, avoiding the heat of the Central Plains. People of the time called them "wild goose officials." Eastern foreigners who came to submit were housed in the Fusang Lodge and granted residences in Muhua Neighborhood. Western foreigners who came to submit were housed in the Yanzi Lodge and granted residences in Muyi Neighborhood. From west of the Congling Mountains all the way to Daqin, a hundred nations and a thousand cities all joyfully submitted. Merchant traders from the west rushed daily to the frontier. Truly, the farthest reaches of heaven and earth were encompassed. Those who delighted in the customs of the Central Plains and settled here cannot be counted. Thus the population of submitted and naturalized peoples numbered more than ten thousand households. The gates and lanes were well ordered, the streets densely packed. Green pagoda trees shaded the pathways, and green trees hung over the courtyards. Every rare and precious good under heaven could be found here. A separate market was established south of the Luo River, called the Four-Way Market, known among the people as the Yong Bridge Market. The fish of the Yi and Luo rivers were mostly sold here. Officials and commoners alike, when they wanted sliced fish, would all go there to get it. The fish was exceptionally delicious. A saying in the capital went: "Luo carp and Yi bream are worth more than beef and mutton."

永橋南道東有白象、獅子二坊。白象者，永平二年，乾羅國【校】太平廣記四百四十一、元河南志三乾下有陁字。按本書五宋雲行紀亦作「乾陀羅國」。胡王【校】廣記、元河南志皆無此二字。所獻，皆（背）施【校】按廣記及元河南志三皆施作「背設」。此指乾羅國所獻之白象言，不當云皆。皆乃背之形譌，廣記等書是也，今據以正。五綵【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本綵作彩。廣記及元河南志作采。三字相通。屏風，七寶坐床，容數【校】廣記數下有十字。人，真是異物。常養象於乘黃曹；【校】廣記此句作「常養千乘黃」。千當是于之誤。元河南志常作詔。象常壞屋敗墻，【校】廣記常下有曾字，敗作毀。元河南志敗亦作毀。走出於外，逢樹即拔，遇墻亦【校】綠君亭本、真意堂本亦作則。倒。百姓驚怖，奔走交馳。太后遂徙象於此坊。獅子者，波斯國胡王【校】元河南志三作「嚈噠國獻師子。」太平廣記四百四十一作波斯國。考通鑑一百五十二云：「波斯國獻師子於魏，醜奴留之。」即指此事。河南志似據魏書。所獻也，為逆賊万侯（俟）醜奴【校】各本侯作俟，是。今據正。所獲，留於㓂中。永安末，醜奴破，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本破下有滅字。始達京師。莊帝謂侍中李或【校】吳集證本或作彧。按元河南志作彧，廣記作或。曰：「朕聞虎見獅子必伏，可覓誠（試）【校】各本誠作試。吳集證云：「誠當從各本及廣記作試。」案元河南志亦作試。今正。之。」於是詔近山郡縣捕虎以送。鞏縣、山陽並送二虎一豹，帝在華林園觀之，於是虎豹【校】廣記無「帝在」下十一字。見獅子，悉皆瞑目，不敢仰視。園中素有【校】吳琯本、漢魏本有作育。一盲熊，【校】吳琯本、漢魏本無盲字，熊作羆。按元河南志熊亦作羆。性甚馴，【校】廣記作「惟甚馴善」。帝令取試之。虞人牽盲熊【校】吳琯本、漢魏本盲熊作「育羆」。至，聞獅子氣，驚怖跳踉，曳鎻【校】吳琯本、漢魏本鎻作鏁，同。而走，帝大笑。普泰元年，廣陵王即位，詔曰：「禽獸囚之，則違其性，宜放還山林。」獅子亦令送歸本國。送獅子胡【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、綠君亭本、真意堂本胡作者。以波斯道遠，不可送【校】吳琯本、漢魏本、真意堂本無送字。達，遂在路殺獅子而返。【校】吳琯本、漢魏本殺作却。有司糺劾，罪以違旨論，廣陵王曰：「豈以獅子而罪人也？」遂赦之。

> To the east of the Yongqiao South Road were two wards, White Elephant and Lion. The white elephant was presented by the Hu king of Gandhara in the second year of Yongping. It was adorned with a five-colored screen and a seven-jeweled seat, large enough to hold ten people—truly a marvel. It was normally kept at the Imperial Horse Office. The elephant often damaged houses and broke down walls, escaping outside; whenever it met a tree it would uproot it, and whenever it encountered a wall it would knock it over. The common people were terrified and fled in all directions. The Empress Dowager then moved the elephant to this ward. The lion was presented by the Hu king of Persia. It was captured by the rebel Wanqi Chounu and kept among the bandits. At the end of Yong'an, when Chounu was defeated, it finally reached the capital. Emperor Zhuang said to the Palace Attendant Li Yu, "I have heard that tigers always submit when they see a lion. You may find one and test this." Thereupon he summoned the commanderies and counties near the mountains to capture tigers and send them. Gong County and Shanyang both sent two tigers and one leopard. The Emperor observed them in the Hualin Garden. When the tigers and leopards saw the lion, they all closed their eyes and dared not look up. In the garden there had long been a blind bear, very tame by nature. The Emperor ordered it brought to test the lion. When the gamekeeper led the blind bear in, upon smelling the lion's scent it was terrified, leaped about, dragged its chains, and fled. The Emperor laughed heartily. In the first year of Putai, the Prince of Guangling ascended the throne and issued an edict: "When birds and beasts are imprisoned, it goes against their nature; they should be released back to the mountains and forests." The lion was also to be sent back to its homeland. The Hu attendant escorting the lion said that Persia was too far and it could not be delivered there, so on the way he killed the lion and returned. The authorities impeached him and sentenced him for violating the imperial decree. The Prince of Guangling said, "How could I condemn a man for the sake of a lion?" And so he pardoned him.