Huiyuan (334–417) was a prominent Buddhist monk of the Eastern Jin dynasty, known for his profound understanding of Buddhist principles and his establishment of the White Lotus Society. Kumarajiva (344–413) was a highly influential translator of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit to Chinese during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Wei periods, renowned for his rendition of the *Lotus Sutra* and the *Vimalakirti Sutra*.