---
title: "毗尼日用切要 · 受食"
description: "毗尼日用切要由清代高僧读体汇集，是一部重要的佛教律学经典。读体大师是明末清初律宗代表人物，毕生致力于戒律研究与实践。该书以简明实用的方式系统阐述佛教戒律要义，涵盖僧人日常修行、衣食住行等行为规范，将繁杂戒条提炼为易于持守的准则。作为汉传佛教律学重要文献，它体现了中国佛教对戒律的本土化诠释，对后世僧团生活影响深远，至今仍是研究佛教戒律思想与实践的权威典籍。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcweyvfm0fnejx040o5e4n2d"
---

### 受食

> Receiving Food

比丘受食。跏趺而座。展食巾於膝上。恐飯湯󳳲羮墮於袈裟。請鉢時。默念此偈。

> <note>When a monk receives food, he sits cross-legged and spreads a cloth over his knees to prevent rice or soup from spilling onto his robe. As he takes the bowl, he silently recites this verse:</note>

若見空鉢 當願眾生 究竟清淨 空無煩惱

> If you see an empty bowl, May all beings attain perfect purity, Empty of all afflictions and worry.

梵語鉢多羅。此云應量器。律中不聽比丘畜用雜寶銅鑞木石等鉢。大要有二。一泥。二䥫也。僧祗律云。鉢是出家人器。少欲知足。非俗人所宜。十誦律云。鉢是諸佛標誌。不得惡用及洗手。敬之如目。五分律云。佛自作鉢坯。以為後式。又發軫鈔云。應法之器也。謂體。色。量。三者。皆悉與法相應。體有二。泥及鐵也。色者。用麻子杏仁搗碎。塗其內外。竹煙熏治。熏作鳩鴒項色。孔雀色。所熏者為何。夏天盛物不鎪。不染垢膩。有此功用。故當熏治。量者。分上中下。若準唐斗。上鉢一斗。中鉢七升半。下鉢五升。故名應量器。達觀大師云。鉢之為器。翼三寶。備六德。何以明其翼三寶。蓋微此則僧無所資。僧無所資。則慧命斷。慧命斷。則佛種滅矣。彼其能清。能容。能儉。能廣。能尊。能古。則六德之謂也。古由佛授。尊由天獻。廣則普利一切。儉則過中不食。容則施受精麤而福利平等。清則舉世不忍以葷投之。如是故吾曹敢不寶重哉。盛飯時。默念此偈。

> <note>The Sanskrit term is Patra, meaning "an alms bowl of appropriate measure." According to the Monastic Code, monks are not permitted to use bowls made of precious metals, brass, wax, wood, or stone. There are two main types: clay and iron. The Samantapasadika states that the bowl is a vessel for those who have left home, symbolizing contentment with few desires—it is not suitable for laypeople. The Sarvastivada Vinaya says the bowl is a mark of all Buddhas and must not be misused or used for washing hands; it should be revered like one's own eyes. The Five-Part Vinaya recounts that the Buddha himself shaped a bowl as a model for future generations. Furthermore, the Faren Chao commentary explains that it is a "vessel of proper Dharma," meaning its substance, color, and capacity all align with the Dharma. Its substance is of two kinds: clay and iron. For color, sesame seeds and almonds are ground and applied inside and out, then smoked with bamboo smoke until it takes on the hue of a pigeon's neck or a peacock's feathers. Why smoke-treat it? Because in summer, it keeps food from spoiling and resists grease and stains. Hence, the smoking treatment is essential. As for capacity, there are three levels: upper, middle, and lower. Measured against the Tang dynasty's standard, the upper bowl holds one dou, the middle seven and a half sheng, and the lower five sheng—hence it is called a bowl of appropriate measure. Master Daguan said: "The bowl as a vessel supports the Three Jewels and embodies six virtues. How does it support the Three Jewels? Without it, monks would have no means of sustenance; without sustenance, the life of wisdom would cease; and when wisdom ends, the seed of Buddhahood is extinguished. Its virtues are that it is pure, capacious, frugal, boundless, venerable, and ancient. Ancient, because it was transmitted by the Buddha; venerable, because it was offered by the heavens; boundless, because it benefits all beings; frugal, because one eats not after noon; capacious, because it accepts offerings both fine and coarse, bringing equal blessings; and pure, because the whole world would not dare to place meat in it. Thus, how could we not treasure it?" When filling the bowl with food, silently recite this verse.</note>

若見滿鉢 當願眾生 具足盛滿 一切善法

> If one sees a full bowl, Let them wish that all beings Be filled to the brim With all wholesome qualities.

念供養時。以右手倚鉢扶緣相。障其觸氣。左手持鉢齊眉。將鉢匙外向。供文照當念畢。放鉢卓上。出生。用匙取飯七粒。麪不過一寸。以左手大拇指捻無名指作甘露印。默念偈云。

> <note>When reciting the offering, rest your right hand on the rim of the bowl to block any impure breath. Hold the bowl with your left hand at eyebrow level, with the spoon facing outward. After finishing the recitation, place the bowl on the table. For the offering, use the spoon to take seven grains of rice—no more than an inch of noodles. Press your left thumb against your ring finger to form the nectar mudra, and silently recite the verse:</note>